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Journal of Virology, October 2004, p. 10360-10369, Vol. 78, No. 19
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.19.10360-10369.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Human Cytomegalovirus UL84 Insertion Mutant Defective for Viral DNA Synthesis and Growth

Yiyang Xu, Sylvia A. Cei, Alicia Rodriguez Huete, and Gregory S. Pari*

Department of Microbiology and the Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Nevada—Reno, Reno, Nevada

Received 24 February 2004/ Accepted 24 May 2004

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) UL84 is required for oriLyt-dependent DNA replication, and evidence from transient transfection assays suggests that UL84 directly participates in DNA synthesis. In addition, because of its apparent interaction with IE2, UL84 is implicated as a possible regulatory protein. To address the role of UL84 in the context of the viral genome, we generated a recombinant HCMV bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) construct that did not express the UL84 gene product. This construct, BAC-IN84/Ep, displayed a null phenotype in that it failed to produce infectious virus after transfection into human fibroblast cells, whereas a revertant virus readily produced viral plaques and, subsequently, infectious virus. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that BAC-IN84/Ep was defective for DNA synthesis in that no increase in the accumulation of viral DNA was observed in transfected cells. We were unable to complement BAC-IN84/Ep in trans; however, oriLyt-dependent DNA replication was observed by the cotransfection of UL84 and BAC-IN84/Ep. An analysis of viral mRNA by real-time PCR indicated that, even in the absence of DNA synthesis, all representative kinetic classes of genes were expressed in cells transfected with BAC-IN84/Ep. The detection of UL44 and IE2 by immunofluorescence in BAC-IN84/Ep-transfected cells showed that these proteins failed to partition into replication compartments, indicating that UL84 expression is essential for the formation of these proteins into replication centers within the context of the viral genome. These results show that UL84 provides an essential DNA replication function and influences the subcellular localization of other viral proteins.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada—Reno, Howard Bldg., Reno, NV 89557. Phone: (775) 784-4824. Fax: (775) 327-2332. E-mail: gpari{at}med.unr.edu.

Journal of Virology, October 2004, p. 10360-10369, Vol. 78, No. 19
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.19.10360-10369.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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