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Journal of Virology, August 2004, p. 8852-8859, Vol. 78, No. 16
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.16.8852-8859.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Internalization of Pseudorabies Virus Glycoprotein B Is Mediated by an Interaction between the YQRL Motif in Its Cytoplasmic Domain and the Clathrin-Associated AP-2 Adaptor Complex

Geert Van Minnebruggen,1 Herman W. Favoreel,1,2* and Hans J. Nauwynck1

Laboratory of Virology,1 Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium2

Received 19 December 2003/ Accepted 6 April 2004

The cytoplasmic domain of pseudorabies virus (PRV) glycoprotein B (gB) contains three putative internalization motifs. Previously, we demonstrated that the tyrosine-based YQRL motif at positions 902 to 905, but not the YMSI motif at positions 864 to 867 or the LL doublet at positions 887 and 888, is required for correct functioning of gB during antibody-mediated internalization of PRV cell surface-bound glycoproteins. In the present study, we demonstrate that the YQRL motif is also crucial to allow spontaneous internalization of PRV gB, and thus, that spontaneous and antibody-mediated internalizations of PRV gB occur through closely related mechanisms. Furthermore, we found that PRV gB colocalizes with the cellular clathrin-associated AP-2 adaptor complex and that this colocalization depends on the YQRL motif. In addition, by coimmunoprecipitation assays, we found that during both spontaneous and antibody-dependent internalization, PRV gB physically interacts with AP-2, and that efficient interaction between gB and AP-2 required an intact YQRL motif. Collectively, these findings demonstrate for the first time that during internalization of an alphaherpesvirus envelope protein, i.e., PRV gB, a specific amino acid sequence in the cytoplasmic tail of the protein interacts with AP-2 and may constitute a common AP-2-mediated mechanism of internalization of alphaherpesvirus envelope proteins.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratories of Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. Phone: 32 9 264 73 74. Fax: 32 9 264 74 95. E-mail: herman.favoreel{at}ugent.be.

Journal of Virology, August 2004, p. 8852-8859, Vol. 78, No. 16
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.16.8852-8859.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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