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Journal of Virology, August 2004, p. 7990-8001, Vol. 78, No. 15
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.15.7990-8001.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Transport of African Swine Fever Virus from Assembly Sites to the Plasma Membrane Is Dependent on Microtubules and Conventional Kinesin

Nolwenn Jouvenet,1 Paul Monaghan,1 Michael Way,2 and Thomas Wileman1*

Department of Immunology and Pathology, Pirbright Laboratories, Institute for Animal Health, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF,1 Cell Motility Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, London WC2A 3PX, United Kingdom2

Received 21 November 2003/ Accepted 6 April 2004

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large DNA virus that assembles in perinuclear viral factories located close to the microtubule organizing center. In this study, we have investigated the mechanism by which ASFV reaches the cell surface from the site of assembly. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that at 16 h postinfection, mature virions were aligned along microtubules. Furthermore, virus movement to the cell periphery was inhibited when microtubules were depolymerized by nocodazole. In addition, ASFV infection resulted in the increased acetylation of microtubules as well as their protection against depolymerization by nocodazole. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that conventional kinesin was recruited to virus factories and to a large fraction of virus particles in the cytoplasm. Consistent with a role for conventional kinesin during ASFV egress to the cell periphery, overexpression of the cargo-binding domain of the kinesin light chain severely inhibited the movement of particles to the plasma membrane. Based on our observations, we propose that ASFV is recognized as cargo by conventional kinesin and uses this plus-end microtubule motor to move from perinuclear assembly sites to the plasma membrane.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Immunology and Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratories, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 1483 232441. Fax: 44 1483 232448. E-mail: thomas.wileman{at}bbsrc.ac.uk.

Journal of Virology, August 2004, p. 7990-8001, Vol. 78, No. 15
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.15.7990-8001.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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