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Journal of Virology, July 2004, p. 7217-7226, Vol. 78, No. 13
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.13.7217-7226.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

An Exposed Domain in the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein Induces Neutralizing Antibodies

Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine,¹ Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294,² Division of Homeland Security and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama 35205-5305 ,³ Southern Biotechnology Associates, Birmingham, Alabama 35209⁴

Received 12 November 2003/ Accepted 19 February 2004

Exposed epitopes of the spike protein may be recognized by neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV). A protein fragment (S-II) containing predicted epitopes of the spike protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. The properly refolded protein fragment specifically bound to the surface of Vero cells. Monoclonal antibodies raised against this fragment recognized the native spike protein of SARS CoV in both monomeric and trimeric forms. These monoclonal antibodies were capable of blocking S-II attachment to Vero cells and exhibited in vitro antiviral activity. These neutralizing antibodies mapped to epitopes in two peptides, each comprising 20 amino acids. Thus, this region of the spike protein might be a target for generation of therapeutic neutralizing antibodies against SARS CoV and for vaccine development to elicit protective humoral immunity.

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