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Journal of Virology, July 2004, p. 7016-7022, Vol. 78, No. 13
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.13.7016-7022.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Potent Neutralizing Serum Immunoglobulin A (IgA) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2-Exposed IgG-Seronegative Individuals

Qin Lizeng,1 Charlotta Nilsson,1,2* Samer Sourial,3 Sören Andersson,2,4 Olav Larsen,5 Peter Aaby,5 Mariethe Ehnlund,1 and Ewa Björling3

Research Center,1 Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control,2 Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm,3 Department of Clinical Microbiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden,4 Bandim Health Project, Danish Epidemiology Science Center, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau5

Received 27 October 2003/ Accepted 4 March 2004

The mechanisms behind the resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) infection are still not fully understood. In the present study, we explored the HIV-2-specific humoral serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) immune response in HIV-2-exposed IgG-seronegative (EGSN) individuals. Serum samples from heterosexual EGSN individuals and their known HIV-2-infected partners, as well as controls originating from Guinea-Bissau in Africa, were studied. Antibody reactivity to native and recombinant envelope glycoproteins was investigated, and the capacity of purified serum IgA to neutralize HIV-2SBL6669 was tested. Our results showed that 16 of 25 EGSN samples exhibited reactivity against whole HIV-2 antigen, 6 of 25 samples reacted with recombinant gp36 (rgp36), and 3 of 25 samples were positive against HIV-2 rgp105; no reactivity to native HIV-2 gp125 was detected. Purified serum IgA antibodies from both EGSN and HIV-2-positive individuals, but not that from the negative controls, exhibited neutralization of HIV-2SBL6669. The most potent neutralization activity was exhibited by IgA purified from EGSN compared to infected individuals' IgA. The antigenic pattern of the HIV-2-positive partners showed that all serum IgA samples were reactive to whole HIV-2 antigen, and 14 of 15 reacted with rgp36. For rgp105 and gp125, 5 of 15 and 4 of 15 samples exhibited binding, respectively. The serum of the EGSN group had a higher mean IgA concentration than that of the negative controls (P < 0.05). Thus, we describe HIV-2-specific serum IgA antigen reactivity and show a more potent serum IgA-mediated HIV-2-neutralizing activity in EGSN individuals than in HIV-2-infected patients.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Immunology and Vaccinology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, SE-171 82, Solna, Sweden. Phone: 46-8-457 2300. Fax: 46-8-33 74 60. E-mail: charlotta.nilsson{at}smi.ki.se.

Journal of Virology, July 2004, p. 7016-7022, Vol. 78, No. 13
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.13.7016-7022.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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