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Journal of Virology, June 2004, p. 5784-5798, Vol. 78, No. 11
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.11.5784-5798.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Multiple Groups of Endogenous Betaretroviruses in Mice, Rats, and Other Mammals

Gregory J. Baillie,1 Louie N. van de Lagemaat,1 Corinna Baust,1 and Dixie L. Mager1,2*

Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency,1 Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia,Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada2

Received 26 September 2003/ Accepted 29 January 2004

Betaretroviruses exist in endogenous and exogenous forms in hosts that are widely distributed and evolutionarily distantly related. Here we report the discovery and characterization of several previously unknown betaretrovirus groups in the genomes of Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus. Each group contains both mouse and rat elements, and several of the groups are more closely related to previously known betaretroviruses from nonmurine hosts. Some of the groups also include members from hosts which were not previously known to harbor betaretroviruses, such as the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) and Seba's short-tailed bat (Carollia perspicillata). Some of the mouse and rat elements possess intact open reading frames for gag, pro, pol, and/or env genes and display characteristics of having retrotransposed recently. We propose a model whereby betaretroviruses have been evolving within the genomes of murid rodents for at least the last 20 million years and, subsequent to (or concomitant with) the global spread of their murid hosts, have occasionally been transmitted to other species.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Terry Fox Laboratory, B.C. Cancer Agency, 601 W. 10th Ave, Vancouver, B.C. V5Z 1L3, Canada. Phone: (604) 877-6070, ext. 3185. Fax: (604) 877-0712. E-mail: dmager{at}bccrc.ca.

Journal of Virology, June 2004, p. 5784-5798, Vol. 78, No. 11
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.11.5784-5798.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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