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Journal of Virology, May 2004, p. 5414-5422, Vol. 78, No. 10
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.10.5414-5422.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Analysis of N-Linked Glycosylation of Hantaan Virus Glycoproteins and the Role of Oligosaccharide Side Chains in Protein Folding and Intracellular Trafficking

Xiaohong Shi and Richard M. Elliott*

Division of Virology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G11 5JR, Scotland, United Kingdom

Received 8 September 2003/ Accepted 13 January 2004

The membrane glycoproteins Gn and Gc of Hantaan virus (HTNV) (family Bunyaviridae) are modified by N-linked glycosylation. The glycoproteins contain six potential sites for the attachment of N-linked oligosaccharides, five sites on Gn and one on Gc. The properties of the N-linked oligosaccharide chains were analyzed by treatment with endoglycosidase H, peptide:N-glycosidase F, tunicamycin, and deoxynojirimycin and were confirmed to be completely of the high-mannose type. Ten glycoprotein gene mutants were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis, including six single N glycosylation site mutants and four double-site mutants. We determined that four sites (N134, -235, -347, and -399) on Gn and the only site (N928) on Gc in their ectodomains are utilized, whereas the fifth site on Gn (N609), which faces the cytoplasm, is not glycosylated. The importance of individual N-oligosaccharide chains varied with respect to folding and intracellular transport. The oligosaccharide chain on residue N134 was found to be crucial for protein folding, whereas single mutations at the other glycosylation sites were better tolerated. Mutation at glycosylation sites N235 and N399 together resulted in Gn misfolding. The endoplasmic reticulum chaperones calnexin and calreticulin were found to be involved in HTNV glycoprotein folding. Our data demonstrate that N-linked glycosylation of HTNV glycoproteins plays important and differential roles in protein folding and intracellular trafficking.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute of Virology, University of Glasgow, Church St., Glasgow G11 5JR, Scotland, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 141 330 4024. Fax: 44 141 337 2236. E-mail: elliott{at}vir.gla.ac.uk.

Journal of Virology, May 2004, p. 5414-5422, Vol. 78, No. 10
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.10.5414-5422.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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