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Cultured Peripheral Neuroglial Cells Are Highly Permissive to Sheep Prion Infection

Fabienne Archer,¹ Corinne Bachelin,^2, Olivier Andreoletti,^3, Nathalie Besnard,^4, Gregory Perrot,¹ Christelle Langevin,¹ Annick Le Dur,¹ Didier Vilette,¹ Anne Baron-Van Evercooren,² Jean-Luc Vilotte,⁴ and Hubert Laude^1*

Unité de Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires,¹ Laboratoire de Génétique Biochimique et Cytogénétique, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas,⁴ Laboratoire des Affections de la Myéline et des Canaux Ioniques Musculaires, INSERM U546, IFNRS70, CHU Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris,² Unité Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, UMR INRA-ENVT, Toulouse, France³

Received 1 July 2003/ Accepted 30 September 2003

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies arise as a consequence of infection of the central nervous system (CNS) by prions. Spreading of the infectious agent through the peripheral nervous system (PNS) may represent a crucial step toward CNS neuroinvasion, but the modalities of this process have yet to be clarified. Here we provide further evidence that PNS glial cells are likely targets for infection by prions. Glial cell clones originating from dorsal root ganglia of transgenic mice expressing ovine PrP (tgOv) and simian virus 40 T antigen were found to be readily infectible by sheep scrapie agent. This led us to establish two stable cell lines that exhibited features of Schwann cells. These cells were shown to sustain an efficient and stable replication of sheep prion based on the high level of accumulation of abnormal PrP and infectivity in exposed cultures. We also provide evidence for abnormal PrP deposition in peripheral neuroglial cells from scrapie-infected tgOv mice and sheep. These findings have potential implications in terms of designing new cell systems permissive to prions and of peripheral pathobiology of prion infections.

C.B., O.A., and N.B. contributed equally to this work.

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