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Journal of Virology, January 2004, p. 136-145, Vol. 78, No. 1
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.1.136-145.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Role for Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus E^rns Glycoprotein in the Control of Activation of Beta Interferon by Double-Stranded RNA

Institute for Animal Health, Compton Laboratory, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire RG20 7NN,¹ Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom²

Received 14 March 2003/ Accepted 17 September 2003

Production of alpha/beta interferon in response to viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) produced during viral replication is a first line of defense against viral infections. Here we demonstrate that the E^rns glycoprotein of the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus can act as an inhibitor of dsRNA-induced responses of cells. This effect is seen whether E^rns is constitutively expressed in cells or exogenously added to the culture medium. The E^rns effect is specific to dsRNA since activation of NF-B in cells infected with Semliki Forest virus or treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha was not affected. We also show that E^rns contains a dsRNA-binding activity, and its RNase is active against dsRNA at a low pH. Both the dsRNA binding and RNase activities are required for the inhibition of dsRNA signaling, and we discuss here a model to account for these observations.

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