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Journal of Virology, May 2003, p. 5136-5144, Vol. 77, No. 9
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.9.5136-5144.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Poliovirus cre(2C)-Dependent Synthesis of VPgpUpU Is Required for Positive- but Not Negative-Strand RNA Synthesis

B. Joan Morasco, Nidhi Sharma, Jessica Parilla, and James B. Flanegan*

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0245

Received 25 November 2002/ Accepted 7 February 2003

The cre(2C) hairpin is a cis-acting replication element in poliovirus RNA and serves as a template for the synthesis of VPgpUpU. We investigated the role of the cre(2C) hairpin on VPgpUpU synthesis and viral RNA replication in preinitiation RNA replication complexes isolated from HeLa S10 translation-RNA replication reactions. cre(2C) hairpin mutations that block VPgpUpU synthesis in reconstituted assays with purified VPg and poliovirus polymerase were also found to completely inhibit VPgpUpU synthesis in preinitiation replication complexes. Surprisingly, blocking VPgpUpU synthesis by mutating the cre(2C) hairpin had no significant effect on negative-strand synthesis but completely inhibited positive-strand synthesis. Negative-strand RNA synthesized in these reactions immunoprecipitated with anti-VPg antibody and demonstrated that it was covalently linked to VPg. This indicated that VPg was used to initiate negative-strand RNA synthesis, although the cre(2C)-dependent synthesis of VPgpUpU was inhibited. Based on these results, we concluded that the cre(2C)-dependent synthesis of VPgpUpU was required for positive- but not negative-strand RNA synthesis. These findings suggest a replication model in which negative-strand synthesis initiates with VPg uridylylated in the 3' poly(A) tail in virion RNA and positive-strand synthesis initiates with VPgpUpU synthesized on the cre(2C) hairpin. The pool of excess VPgpUpU synthesized on the cre(2C) hairpin should support high levels of positive-strand synthesis and thereby promote the asymmetric replication of poliovirus RNA.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0245. Phone: (352) 392-0688. Fax: (352) 392-2953. E-mail: FLANEGAN{at}UFL.EDU.

Journal of Virology, May 2003, p. 5136-5144, Vol. 77, No. 9
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.9.5136-5144.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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