This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Compton, T.
Right arrow Articles by Finberg, R. W.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Compton, T.
Right arrow Articles by Finberg, R. W.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Journal of Virology, April 2003, p. 4588-4596, Vol. 77, No. 8
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.8.4588-4596.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Human Cytomegalovirus Activates Inflammatory Cytokine Responses via CD14 and Toll-Like Receptor 2

Teresa Compton,1* Evelyn A. Kurt-Jones,2 Karl W. Boehme,1 John Belko,2 Eicke Latz,2 Douglas T. Golenbock,2 and Robert W. Finberg2

McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin—Madison Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53706,1 Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 016052

Received 2 October 2002/ Accepted 13 January 2003

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality in immuncompromised people. An understanding of how CMV induces and circumvents host immunity is of critical importance in efforts to design effective therapeutics. It was recently discovered that mere cell contact by CMV particles leads to profound modulation of cellular gene expression, including induction of inflammatory cytokines and interferon-stimulated genes characteristic of innate immune detection. These findings suggest that a membrane receptor recognizes a CMV envelope protein(s), leading to innate immune activation. Here, we show that the pattern recognition receptors Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and CD14 recognize CMV virions and trigger inflammatory cytokine production. Induction of inflammatory cytokines is mediated via TLR2-dependent activation of NF-{kappa}B. Since many of the pathological processes associated with CMV disease are facilitated or directly mediated by inflammatory cytokines, identification of the host membrane detection machinery may ultimately lead to improved therapeutics.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin—Madison Medical School, Madison, WI 53706. Phone: (608) 262-1474. Fax: (608) 262-2824. E-mail: tcompton{at}wisc.edu.

Journal of Virology, April 2003, p. 4588-4596, Vol. 77, No. 8
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.8.4588-4596.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Simanek, A. M, Dowd, J. B., Aiello, A. E (2009). Persistent pathogens linking socioeconomic position and cardiovascular disease in the US. Int J Epidemiol 38: 775-787 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • O'Neill, L. A. J., Bryant, C. E., Doyle, S. L. (2009). Therapeutic Targeting of Toll-Like Receptors for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer. Pharmacol. Rev. 61: 177-197 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mogensen, T. H. (2009). Pathogen Recognition and Inflammatory Signaling in Innate Immune Defenses. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 22: 240-273 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gombos, R. B., Wolan, V., McDonald, K., Hemmings, D. G. (2009). Impaired vascular function in mice with an active cytomegalovirus infection. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 296: H937-H945 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Murawski, M. R., Bowen, G. N., Cerny, A. M., Anderson, L. J., Haynes, L. M., Tripp, R. A., Kurt-Jones, E. A., Finberg, R. W. (2009). Respiratory Syncytial Virus Activates Innate Immunity through Toll-Like Receptor 2. J. Virol. 83: 1492-1500 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ariza, M.-E., Glaser, R., Kaumaya, P. T. P., Jones, C., Williams, M. V. (2009). The EBV-Encoded dUTPase Activates NF-{kappa}B through the TLR2 and MyD88-Dependent Signaling Pathway. J. Immunol. 182: 851-859 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Crough, T., Khanna, R. (2009). Immunobiology of Human Cytomegalovirus: from Bench to Bedside. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 22: 76-98 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Arimilli, S., Johnson, J. B., Clark, K. M., Graff, A. H., Alexander-Miller, M. A., Mizel, S. B., Parks, G. D. (2008). Engineered Expression of the TLR5 Ligand Flagellin Enhances Paramyxovirus Activation of Human Dendritic Cell Function. J. Virol. 82: 10975-10985 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Appledorn, D. M., Patial, S., McBride, A., Godbehere, S., Van Rooijen, N., Parameswaran, N., Amalfitano, A. (2008). Adenovirus Vector-Induced Innate Inflammatory Mediators, MAPK Signaling, As Well As Adaptive Immune Responses Are Dependent upon Both TLR2 and TLR9 In Vivo. J. Immunol. 181: 2134-2144 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • West, J., Damania, B. (2008). Upregulation of the TLR3 Pathway by Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus during Primary Infection. J. Virol. 82: 5440-5449 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wolk, K., Witte, K., Witte, E., Proesch, S., Schulze-Tanzil, G., Nasilowska, K., Thilo, J., Asadullah, K., Sterry, W., Volk, H.-D., Sabat, R. (2008). Maturing dendritic cells are an important source of IL-29 and IL-20 that may cooperatively increase the innate immunity of keratinocytes. J. Leukoc. Biol. 83: 1181-1193 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Juckem, L. K., Boehme, K. W., Feire, A. L., Compton, T. (2008). Differential Initiation of Innate Immune Responses Induced by Human Cytomegalovirus Entry into Fibroblast Cells. J. Immunol. 180: 4965-4977 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Vanover, J., Sun, J., Deka, S., Kintner, J., Duffourc, M. M., Schoborg, R. V. (2008). Herpes simplex virus co-infection-induced Chlamydia trachomatis persistence is not mediated by any known persistence inducer or anti-chlamydial pathway. Microbiology 154: 971-978 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mack, C., Sickmann, A., Lembo, D., Brune, W. (2008). Inhibition of proinflammatory and innate immune signaling pathways by a cytomegalovirus RIP1-interacting protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 3094-3099 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bolovan-Fritts, C. A., Spector, S. A. (2008). Endothelial damage from cytomegalovirus-specific host immune response can be prevented by targeted disruption of fractalkine-CX3CR1 interaction. Blood 111: 175-182 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Yuan, F. F., Boehm, I., Chan, P. K. S., Marks, K., Tang, J. W., Hui, D. S. C., Sung, J. J. Y., Dyer, W. B., Geczy, A. F., Sullivan, J. S. (2007). High Prevalence of the CD14-159CC Genotype in Patients Infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus. CVI 14: 1644-1645 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hokeness-Antonelli, K. L., Crane, M. J., Dragoi, A. M., Chu, W.-M., Salazar-Mather, T. P. (2007). IFN-{alpha}beta-Mediated Inflammatory Responses and Antiviral Defense in Liver Is TLR9-Independent but MyD88-Dependent during Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection. J. Immunol. 179: 6176-6183 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chang, S., Dolganiuc, A., Szabo, G. (2007). Toll-like receptors 1 and 6 are involved in TLR2-mediated macrophage activation by hepatitis C virus core and NS3 proteins. J. Leukoc. Biol. 82: 479-487 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gaudreault, E., Fiola, S., Olivier, M., Gosselin, J. (2007). Epstein-Barr Virus Induces MCP-1 Secretion by Human Monocytes via TLR2. J. Virol. 81: 8016-8024 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Stanton, R. J., McSharry, B. P., Rickards, C. R., Wang, E. C. Y., Tomasec, P., Wilkinson, G. W. G. (2007). Cytomegalovirus Destruction of Focal Adhesions Revealed in a High-Throughput Western Blot Analysis of Cellular Protein Expression. J. Virol. 81: 7860-7872 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Prescott, J. B., Hall, P. R., Bondu-Hawkins, V. S., Ye, C., Hjelle, B. (2007). Early Innate Immune Responses to Sin Nombre Hantavirus Occur Independently of IFN Regulatory Factor 3, Characterized Pattern Recognition Receptors, and Viral Entry. J. Immunol. 179: 1796-1802 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Smith, M. S., Bivins-Smith, E. R., Tilley, A. M., Bentz, G. L., Chan, G., Minard, J., Yurochko, A. D. (2007). Roles of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and NF-{kappa}B in Human Cytomegalovirus-Mediated Monocyte Diapedesis and Adhesion: Strategy for Viral Persistence. J. Virol. 81: 7683-7694 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nogalski, M. T., Podduturi, J. P., DeMeritt, I. B., Milford, L. E., Yurochko, A. D. (2007). The Human Cytomegalovirus Virion Possesses an Activated Casein Kinase II That Allows for the Rapid Phosphorylation of the Inhibitor of NF-{kappa}B, I{kappa}B{alpha}. J. Virol. 81: 5305-5314 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Dessing, M. C., van der Sluijs, K. F., Florquin, S., Akira, S., van der Poll, T. (2007). Toll-Like Receptor 2 Does Not Contribute to Host Response during Postinfluenza Pneumococcal Pneumonia. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 36: 609-614 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nociari, M., Ocheretina, O., Schoggins, J. W., Falck-Pedersen, E. (2007). Sensing Infection by Adenovirus: Toll-Like Receptor-Independent Viral DNA Recognition Signals Activation of the Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 Master Regulator. J. Virol. 81: 4145-4157 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Montag, C., Wagner, J., Gruska, I., Hagemeier, C. (2006). Human Cytomegalovirus Blocks Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha- and Interleukin-1{beta}-Mediated NF-{kappa}B Signaling. J. Virol. 80: 11686-11698 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Paladino, P., Cummings, D. T., Noyce, R. S., Mossman, K. L. (2006). The IFN-Independent Response to Virus Particle Entry Provides a First Line of Antiviral Defense That Is Independent of TLRs and Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I. J. Immunol. 177: 8008-8016 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Perry, S. T., Compton, T. (2006). Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Virions Inhibit Interferon Responses Induced by Envelope Glycoprotein gpK8.1. J. Virol. 80: 11105-11114 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tamanini, A., Nicolis, E., Bonizzato, A., Bezzerri, V., Melotti, P., Assael, B. M., Cabrini, G. (2006). Interaction of Adenovirus Type 5 Fiber with the Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor Activates Inflammatory Response in Human Respiratory Cells. J. Virol. 80: 11241-11254 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Boehme, K. W., Guerrero, M., Compton, T. (2006). Human Cytomegalovirus Envelope Glycoproteins B and H Are Necessary for TLR2 Activation in Permissive Cells. J. Immunol. 177: 7094-7102 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bozza, S., Bistoni, F., Gaziano, R., Pitzurra, L., Zelante, T., Bonifazi, P., Perruccio, K., Bellocchio, S., Neri, M., Iorio, A. M., Salvatori, G., De Santis, R., Calvitti, M., Doni, A., Garlanda, C., Mantovani, A., Romani, L. (2006). Pentraxin 3 protects from MCMV infection and reactivation through TLR sensing pathways leading to IRF3 activation. Blood 108: 3387-3396 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sato, A., Linehan, M. M., Iwasaki, A. (2006). Dual recognition of herpes simplex viruses by TLR2 and TLR9 in dendritic cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 17343-17348 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Taylor, R. T., Bresnahan, W. A. (2006). Human Cytomegalovirus IE86 Attenuates Virus- and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced NF{kappa}B-Dependent Gene Expression.. J. Virol. 80: 10763-10771 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Yang, X., Murthy, V., Schultz, K., Tatro, J. B., Fitzgerald, K. A., Beasley, D. (2006). Toll-like receptor 3 signaling evokes a proinflammatory and proliferative phenotype in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 291: H2334-H2343 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Valchanova, R. S., Picard-Maureau, M., Budt, M., Brune, W. (2006). Murine Cytomegalovirus m142 and m143 Are both Required To Block Protein Kinase R-Mediated Shutdown of Protein Synthesis.. J. Virol. 80: 10181-10190 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Steer, S. A., Moran, J. M., Christmann, B. S., Maggi, L. B. Jr, Corbett, J. A. (2006). Role of MAPK in the Regulation of Double-Stranded RNA- and Encephalomyocarditis Virus-Induced Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression by Macrophages.. J. Immunol. 177: 3413-3420 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Feldmann, G., Nischalke, H. D., Nattermann, J., Banas, B., Berg, T., Teschendorf, C., Schmiegel, W., Duhrsen, U., Halangk, J., Iwan, A., Sauerbruch, T., Caselmann, W. H., Spengler, U. (2006). Induction of Interleukin-6 by Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein in Hepatitis C-Associated Mixed Cryoglobulinemia and B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 12: 4491-4498 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hidmark, A. S., Nordstrom, E. K. L., Dosenovic, P., Forsell, M. N. E., Liljestrom, P., Karlsson Hedestam, G. B. (2006). Humoral Responses against Coimmunized Protein Antigen but Not against Alphavirus-Encoded Antigens Require Alpha/Beta Interferon Signaling. J. Virol. 80: 7100-7110 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jarvis, M. A., Borton, J. A., Keech, A. M., Wong, J., Britt, W. J., Magun, B. E., Nelson, J. A. (2006). Human Cytomegalovirus Attenuates Interleukin-1{beta} and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Proinflammatory Signaling by Inhibition of NF-{kappa}B Activation.. J. Virol. 80: 5588-5598 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Szomolanyi-Tsuda, E., Liang, X., Welsh, R. M., Kurt-Jones, E. A., Finberg, R. W. (2006). Role for TLR2 in NK Cell-Mediated Control of Murine Cytomegalovirus In Vivo. J. Virol. 80: 4286-4291 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Yu, F.-S. X., Hazlett, L. D. (2006). Toll-like Receptors and the Eye.. IOVS 47: 1255-1263 [Full Text]  
  • Taylor, R. T., Bresnahan, W. A. (2006). Human Cytomegalovirus Immediate-Early 2 Protein IE86 Blocks Virus-Induced Chemokine Expression. J. Virol. 80: 920-928 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Noyce, R. S., Collins, S. E., Mossman, K. L. (2006). Identification of a Novel Pathway Essential for the Immediate-Early, Interferon-Independent Antiviral Response to Enveloped Virions. J. Virol. 80: 226-235 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wang, D., Shenk, T. (2005). Human cytomegalovirus virion protein complex required for epithelial and endothelial cell tropism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 18153-18158 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Delale, T., Paquin, A., Asselin-Paturel, C., Dalod, M., Brizard, G., Bates, E. E. M., Kastner, P., Chan, S., Akira, S., Vicari, A., Biron, C. A., Trinchieri, G., Briere, F. (2005). MyD88-Dependent and -Independent Murine Cytomegalovirus Sensing for IFN-{alpha} Release and Initiation of Immune Responses In Vivo. J. Immunol. 175: 6723-6732 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wang, J. P., Kurt-Jones, E. A., Shin, O. S., Manchak, M. D., Levin, M. J., Finberg, R. W. (2005). Varicella-Zoster Virus Activates Inflammatory Cytokines in Human Monocytes and Macrophages via Toll-Like Receptor 2. J. Virol. 79: 12658-12666 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Aravalli, R. N., Hu, S., Rowen, T. N., Palmquist, J. M., Lokensgard, J. R. (2005). Cutting Edge: TLR2-Mediated Proinflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Production by Microglial Cells in Response to Herpes Simplex Virus. J. Immunol. 175: 4189-4193 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Maloney, G., Schroder, M., Bowie, A. G. (2005). Vaccinia Virus Protein A52R Activates p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase and Potentiates Lipopolysaccharide-induced Interleukin-10. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 30838-30844 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Cooper, A., Tal, G., Lider, O., Shaul, Y. (2005). Cytokine Induction by the Hepatitis B Virus Capsid in Macrophages Is Facilitated by Membrane Heparan Sulfate and Involves TLR2. J. Immunol. 175: 3165-3176 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Moran, J. M., Moxley, M. A., Buller, R. M. L., Corbett, J. A. (2005). Encephalomyocarditis Virus Induces PKR-Independent Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in Macrophages. J. Virol. 79: 10226-10236 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hidmark, A. S., McInerney, G. M., Nordstrom, E. K. L., Douagi, I., Werner, K. M., Liljestrom, P., Hedestam, G. B. K. (2005). Early Alpha/Beta Interferon Production by Myeloid Dendritic Cells in Response to UV-Inactivated Virus Requires Viral Entry and Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 but Not MyD88. J. Virol. 79: 10376-10385 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kinzler, E. R., Compton, T. (2005). Characterization of Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein-Induced Cell-Cell Fusion. J. Virol. 79: 7827-7837 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • DeFilippis, V., Fruh, K. (2005). Rhesus Cytomegalovirus Particles Prevent Activation of Interferon Regulatory Factor 3. J. Virol. 79: 6419-6431 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Britt, W. J., Jarvis, M. A., Drummond, D. D., Mach, M. (2005). Antigenic Domain 1 Is Required for Oligomerization of Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B. J. Virol. 79: 4066-4079 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gravel, S.-P., Servant, M. J. (2005). Roles of an I{kappa}B Kinase-related Pathway in Human Cytomegalovirus-infected Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: A MOLECULAR LINK IN PATHOGEN-INDUCED PROATHEROSCLEROTIC CONDITIONS. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 7477-7486 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Abe, T., Hemmi, H., Miyamoto, H., Moriishi, K., Tamura, S., Takaku, H., Akira, S., Matsuura, Y. (2005). Involvement of the Toll-Like Receptor 9 Signaling Pathway in the Induction of Innate Immunity by Baculovirus. J. Virol. 79: 2847-2858 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tobias, P., Curtiss, L. K. (2005). Thematic review series: The Immune System and Atherogenesis. Paying the price for pathogen protection: toll receptors in atherogenesis. J. Lipid Res. 46: 404-411 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Eickhoff, J. E., Cotten, M. (2005). NF-{kappa}B activation can mediate inhibition of human cytomegalovirus replication. J. Gen. Virol. 86: 285-295 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gealy, C., Denson, M., Humphreys, C., McSharry, B., Wilkinson, G., Caswell, R. (2005). Posttranscriptional Suppression of Interleukin-6 Production by Human Cytomegalovirus. J. Virol. 79: 472-485 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Isomura, H., Tsurumi, T., Stinski, M. F. (2004). Role of the Proximal Enhancer of the Major Immediate-Early Promoter in Human Cytomegalovirus Replication. J. Virol. 78: 12788-12799 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bolovan-Fritts, C. A., Trout, R. N., Spector, S. A. (2004). Human Cytomegalovirus-Specific CD4+-T-Cell Cytokine Response Induces Fractalkine in Endothelial Cells. J. Virol. 78: 13173-13181 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bosinger, S. E., Hosiawa, K. A., Cameron, M. J., Persad, D., Ran, L., Xu, L., Boulassel, M. R., Parenteau, M., Fournier, J., Rud, E. W., Kelvin, D. J. (2004). Gene Expression Profiling of Host Response in Models of Acute HIV Infection. J. Immunol. 173: 6858-6863 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lopez, C. B., Moltedo, B., Alexopoulou, L., Bonifaz, L., Flavell, R. A., Moran, T. M. (2004). TLR-Independent Induction of Dendritic Cell Maturation and Adaptive Immunity by Negative-Strand RNA Viruses. J. Immunol. 173: 6882-6889 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Malmgaard, L., Melchjorsen, J., Bowie, A. G., Mogensen, S. C., Paludan, S. R. (2004). Viral Activation of Macrophages through TLR-Dependent and -Independent Pathways. J. Immunol. 173: 6890-6898 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sato, A., Iwasaki, A. (2004). From The Cover: Induction of antiviral immunity requires Toll-like receptor signaling in both stromal and dendritic cell compartments. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101: 16274-16279 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mandell, L., Moran, A. P., Cocchiarella, A., Houghton, J., Taylor, N., Fox, J. G., Wang, T. C., Kurt-Jones, E. A. (2004). Intact Gram-Negative Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter felis, and Helicobacter hepaticus Bacteria Activate Innate Immunity via Toll-Like Receptor 2 but Not Toll-Like Receptor 4. Infect. Immun. 72: 6446-6454 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Feire, A. L., Koss, H., Compton, T. (2004). Cellular integrins function as entry receptors for human cytomegalovirus via a highly conserved disintegrin-like domain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101: 15470-15475 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Abate, D. A., Watanabe, S., Mocarski, E. S. (2004). Major Human Cytomegalovirus Structural Protein pp65 (ppUL83) Prevents Interferon Response Factor 3 Activation in the Interferon Response. J. Virol. 78: 10995-11006 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Triantafilou, K., Triantafilou, M. (2004). Coxsackievirus B4-Induced Cytokine Production in Pancreatic Cells Is Mediated through Toll-Like Receptor 4. J. Virol. 78: 11313-11320 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Olson, J. K., Miller, S. D. (2004). Microglia Initiate Central Nervous System Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses through Multiple TLRs. J. Immunol. 173: 3916-3924 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Friebe, A., Siegling, A., Friederichs, S., Volk, H.-D., Weber, O. (2004). Immunomodulatory Effects of Inactivated Parapoxvirus Ovis (Orf Virus) on Human Peripheral Immune Cells: Induction of Cytokine Secretion in Monocytes and Th1-Like Cells. J. Virol. 78: 9400-9411 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chan, G., Stinski, M.F., Guilbert, L.J. (2004). Human Cytomegalovirus-Induced Upregulation of Intercellular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 on Villous Syncytiotrophoblasts. Biol. Reprod. 71: 797-803 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hochrein, H., Schlatter, B., O'Keeffe, M., Wagner, C., Schmitz, F., Schiemann, M., Bauer, S., Suter, M., Wagner, H. (2004). Herpes simplex virus type-1 induces IFN-{alpha} production via Toll-like receptor 9-dependent and -independent pathways. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101: 11416-11421 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Boehme, K. W., Compton, T. (2004). Innate Sensing of Viruses by Toll-Like Receptors. J. Virol. 78: 7867-7873 [Full Text]  
  • Eickhoff, J., Hanke, M., Stein-Gerlach, M., Kiang, T. P., Herzberger, K., Habenberger, P., Muller, S., Klebl, B., Marschall, M., Stamminger, T., Cotten, M. (2004). RICK Activates a NF-{kappa}B-dependent Anti-human Cytomegalovirus Response. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 9642-9652 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Murphy, T. J., Paterson, H. M., Mannick, J. A., Lederer, J. A. (2004). Injury, sepsis, and the regulation of Toll-like receptor responses. J. Leukoc. Biol. 75: 400-407 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kurt-Jones, E. A., Chan, M., Zhou, S., Wang, J., Reed, G., Bronson, R., Arnold, M. M., Knipe, D. M., Finberg, R. W. (2004). Herpes simplex virus 1 interaction with Toll-like receptor 2 contributes to lethal encephalitis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101: 1315-1320 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Smiley, J. R. (2004). Herpes Simplex Virus Virion Host Shutoff Protein: Immune Evasion Mediated by a Viral RNase?. J. Virol. 78: 1063-1068 [Full Text]  
  • Boehme, K. W., Singh, J., Perry, S. T., Compton, T. (2004). Human Cytomegalovirus Elicits a Coordinated Cellular Antiviral Response via Envelope Glycoprotein B. J. Virol. 78: 1202-1211 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Visconti, M. R., Pennington, J., Garner, S. F., Allain, J.-P., Williamson, L. M. (2004). Assessment of removal of human cytomegalovirus from blood components by leukocyte depletion filters using real-time quantitative PCR. Blood 103: 1137-1139 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Burzyn, D., Rassa, J. C., Kim, D., Nepomnaschy, I., Ross, S. R., Piazzon, I. (2004). Toll-Like Receptor 4-Dependent Activation of Dendritic Cells by a Retrovirus. J. Virol. 78: 576-584 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pereira, L., Maidji, E., McDonagh, S., Genbacev, O., Fisher, S. (2003). Human Cytomegalovirus Transmission from the Uterus to the Placenta Correlates with the Presence of Pathogenic Bacteria and Maternal Immunity. J. Virol. 77: 13301-13314 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gredmark, S., Soderberg-Naucler, C. (2003). Human Cytomegalovirus Inhibits Differentiation of Monocytes into Dendritic Cells with the Consequence of Depressed Immunological Functions. J. Virol. 77: 10943-10956 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»