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Journal of Virology, March 2003, p. 3204-3216, Vol. 77, No. 5
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.5.3204-3216.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Subcellular Localization of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 UL51 Protein and Role of Palmitoylation in Golgi Apparatus Targeting

Naoki Nozawa, Tohru Daikoku, Tetsuo Koshizuka, Yohei Yamauchi, Tetsushi Yoshikawa, and Yukihiro Nishiyama*

Laboratory of Virology, Research Institute for Disease Mechanism and Control, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan

Received 27 September 2002/ Accepted 20 November 2002

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) UL51 gene products are virion-associated phosphoproteins with apparent molecular masses of 27, 29, and 30 kDa in HSV-1-infected cells. In this study, we have investigated the intracellular localization and distribution of UL51 protein both in infected cells and in transfected cells expressing only UL51. We found that this protein colocalized closely with Golgi marker proteins such as the Golgi-58K protein and GM130 in transfected cells expressing only UL51. However, in infected cells, the UL51 protein localized to the juxtanuclear region but only partially colocalized with the Golgi maker proteins. Mutant protein analysis revealed that the N-terminal 15 amino acid residues of the UL51 protein sufficed for this Golgi localization property. The UL51 protein redistributed on addition of brefeldin A. This was prevented by pretreatment with 2-deoxyglucose and sodium azide, which results in ATP depletion, but not by pretreatment with NaF and AlCl3, which activates heterotrimeric G proteins. Moreover, we found that palmitoylation of the UL51 protein through the N-terminal cysteine at position 9 was necessary for its Golgi localization. Protease digestion analysis suggested that the UL51 protein localized on the cytoplasmic face of the membrane in UL51-transfected cells, while in infected cells it localized mainly to the inside of cytoplasmic vesicles and/or the viral envelope. Transmission immunoelectron microscopy revealed an association of UL51 protein-specific labeling with cytoplasmic virions and also with some membranous structure. We infer from these observations that internalization of UL51 protein into the cytoplasmic vesicle and/or virion may occur in association with viral envelopment in HSV-infected cells.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of Virology, Research Institute for Disease Mechanism and Control, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan. Phone: 81-52-744-2451. Fax: 81-52-744-2452. E-mail: ynishiya{at}med.nagoya-u.ac.jp.

Journal of Virology, March 2003, p. 3204-3216, Vol. 77, No. 5
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.5.3204-3216.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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