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Journal of Virology, February 2003, p. 2445-2451, Vol. 77, No. 4
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.4.2445-2451.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Early Expression of Glycoprotein B from Herpes Simplex Virus Can Be Detected by Antigen-Specific CD8⁺ T Cells

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne,¹ Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital,³ Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research,Parkville,⁶ The Cooperative Research Center for Vaccine Technology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Australia,² Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin,⁴ Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy⁵

Received 16 September 2002/ Accepted 6 November 2002

The immune response to cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection begins with remarkable rapidity. Activation of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) begins within hours of infection, even though the response within the draining lymph nodes peaks nearly 5 days later. HSV gene products are classified into three main groups, , ß, and , based on their kinetics and requirements for expression. In C57BL/6 mice, the immunodominant epitope from HSV is derived from glycoprotein B (gB_498-505). While gB is considered a or "late" gene product, previous reports have indicated that some level of gene expression may occur soon after infection. Using brefeldin A as a specific inhibitor of viral antigen presentation to major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted CTL, we have formally addressed the timing of gB peptide expression in an immunologically relevant manner following infection. Presentation of gB peptide detected by T-cell activation was first observed within 2 h of infection. Comparison with another viral epitope expressed early during infection, HSV-1 ribonucleotide reductase, demonstrated that gB is presented with the same kinetics as this classical early-gene product. Moreover, this rapidity of gB expression was further illustrated via rapid priming of naïve transgenic CD8⁺ T cells in vivo after HSV-1 infection of mice. These results establish that gB is expressed rapidly following HSV-1 infection, at levels capable of effectively stimulating CD8⁺ T cells.

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