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Journal of Virology, February 2003, p. 1964-1976, Vol. 77, No. 3
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.3.1964-1976.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

New Hepatitis B Virus of Cranes That Has an Unexpected Broad Host Range

Alexej Prassolov,1,2 Heinz Hohenberg,1 Tatyana Kalinina,1 Carola Schneider,1 Lucyna Cova,3 Oliver Krone,4 Kai Frölich,4 Hans Will,1 and Hüseyin Sirma1*

Heinrich Pette Institute of Experimental Virology and Immunology, Hamburg,1 Institute of Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany,4 Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia,2 INSERM U271, Lyon, France3

Received 26 August 2002/ Accepted 29 October 2002

All hepadnaviruses known so far have a very limited host range, restricted to their natural hosts and a few closely related species. This is thought to be due mainly to sequence divergence in the large envelope protein and species-specific differences in host components essential for virus propagation. Here we report an infection of cranes with a novel hepadnavirus, designated CHBV, that has an unexpectedly broad host range and is only distantly evolutionarily related to avihepadnaviruses of related hosts. Direct DNA sequencing of amplified CHBV DNA as well a sequencing of cloned viral genomes revealed that CHBV is most closely related to, although distinct from, Ross' goose hepatitis B virus (RGHBV) and slightly less closely related to duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV). Phylogenetically, cranes are very distant from geese and ducks and are most closely related to herons and storks. Naturally occurring hepadnaviruses in the last two species are highly divergent in sequence from RGHBV and DHBV and do not infect ducks or do so only marginally. In contrast, CHBV from crane sera and recombinant CHBV produced from LMH cells infected primary duck hepatocytes almost as efficiently as DHBV did. This is the first report of a rather broad host range of an avihepadnavirus. Our data imply either usage of similar or identical entry pathways and receptors by DHBV and CHBV, unusual host and virus adaptation mechanisms, or divergent evolution of the host genomes and cellular components required for virus propagation.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Heinrich Pette-Institut für experimentelle Virologie und Immunologie an der Universität Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany. Phone: 49 (40) 48051-226. Fax: 49 (40) 48051-222. E-mail: sirma{at}hpi.uni-hamburg.de.

Journal of Virology, February 2003, p. 1964-1976, Vol. 77, No. 3
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.3.1964-1976.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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