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Journal of Virology, February 2003, p. 1830-1839, Vol. 77, No. 3
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.3.1830-1839.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Enhancer-Like Activity of a Brome Mosaic Virus RNA Promoter

C. T. Ranjith-Kumar, Xin Zhang, and C. Cheng Kao*

Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405

Received 9 September 2002/ Accepted 1 November 2002

As with transcription from DNA templates, RNA synthesis from viral RNA templates must initiate accurately. RNA sequences named specificity and initiation determinants allow recognition of and coordinated interaction with the viral replication enzyme. Using enriched replicase from brome mosaic virus (BMV)-infected plants and variants of the promoter template for minus-strand and subgenomic RNA initiation, we found that a specificity determinant for minus-strand initiation could function at variable distances and positions from the 3' initiation site in a manner similar to enhancers of transcription from DNA templates. This determinant's addition could convert a cellular tRNA into a template for RNA synthesis by the BMV replicase in vitro. Furthermore, the same specificity element could direct internal initiation, which occurred at a highly preferred site in a manner distinct from initiation at the 3' terminus of the template. These results document two distinct modes of initiation site recognition by a viral RNA replicase.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405. Phone: (812) 855-7959. Fax: (812) 855-6705. E-mail: ckao{at}bio.indiana.edu.

Journal of Virology, February 2003, p. 1830-1839, Vol. 77, No. 3
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.3.1830-1839.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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