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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 DNA Nuclear Import and Integration Are Mitosis Independent in Cycling Cells

Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center,¹ Graduate Group in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania²

Received 12 June 2003/ Accepted 8 September 2003

An essential step in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication is the movement of the viral preintegration complex from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. The pathway(s) and timing for HIV-1 DNA nuclear entry in cycling cells have not been established. Here, we show that if cycling cells are infected before S phase, viral DNA can be integrated prior to passage of the host DNA replication fork through the integration site, as indicated by stable inheritance in both daughter cells. We conclude that efficient nuclear entry can occur independently of mitotic nuclear disassembly in cycling cells.

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