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Journal of Virology, December 2003, p. 12543-12551, Vol. 77, No. 23
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.23.12543-12551.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Role for Influenza Virus Envelope Cholesterol in Virus Entry and Infection

Xiangjie Sun and Gary R. Whittaker*

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853

Received 28 April 2003/ Accepted 22 August 2003

Enveloped viruses are highly dependent on their lipid envelopes for entry into and infection of host cells. Here, we have examined the role of cholesterol in the virus envelope, using methyl-ß-cyclodextrin depletion. Pretreatment of virions with methyl-ß-cyclodextrin efficiently depleted envelope cholesterol from influenza virus and significantly reduced virus infectivity in a dose-dependent manner. A nonenveloped virus, simian virus 40, was not affected by methyl-ß-cyclodextrin treatment. In the case of influenza virus, infectivity could be partially rescued by the addition of exogenous cholesterol. Influenza virus morphology, binding, and internalization were not affected by methyl-ß-cyclodextrin depletion, whereas envelope cholesterol depletion markedly affected influenza virus fusion, as measured by a specific reduction in the infectivity of viruses induced to fuse at the cell surface and by fluorescence-dequenching assays. These data suggest that envelope cholesterol is a critical factor in the fusion process of influenza virus.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: C4 127 Veterinary Medical Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. Phone: (607) 253-4019. Fax: (607) 253-3384. E-mail: grw7{at}cornell.edu.

Journal of Virology, December 2003, p. 12543-12551, Vol. 77, No. 23
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.23.12543-12551.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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Copyright © 2003 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.