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Journal of Virology, December 2003, p. 12523-12534, Vol. 77, No. 23
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.23.12523-12534.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Identification of a New Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Lineage with a vpu Gene Present among Different Cercopithecus Monkeys (C. mona, C. cephus, and C. nictitans) from Cameroon

Valérie Courgnaud,1 Bernadette Abela,2 Xavier Pourrut,2 Eitel Mpoudi-Ngole,2 Severin Loul,2 Eric Delaporte,1 and Martine Peeters1*

UR36, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and University of Montpellier I, Montpellier, France,1 Projet PRESICA, Hôpital Militaire, Yaounde, Cameroon2

Received 13 April 2003/ Accepted 7 August 2003

During a large serosurvey of wild-caught primates from Cameroon, we found 2 mona monkeys (Cercopithecus mona) out of 8 and 47 mustached monkeys (Cercopithecus cephus) out of 302 with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) cross-reactive antibodies. In this report, we describe the full-length genome sequences of two novel SIVs, designated SIVmon-99CMCML1 and SIVmus-01CM1085, isolated from one mona (CML1) and one mustached (1085) monkey, respectively. Interestingly, these viruses displayed the same genetic organization (i.e., presence of a vpu homologue) as members of the SIVcpz-HIV type 1 lineage and SIVgsn isolated from greater spot-nosed monkeys (Cercopithecus nictitans). Phylogenetic analyses of SIVmon and SIVmus revealed that these viruses were genetically distinct from other known primate lentiviruses but were more closely related to SIVgsn all across their genomes, thus forming a monophyletic lineage within the primate lentivirus family, which we designated the SIVgsn lineage. Interestingly, mona, mustached, and greater spot-nosed monkeys are phylogenetically related species belonging to three different groups of the genus Cercopithecus, the C. mona, C. cephus, and Cercopithecus mitis groups, respectively. The presence of new viruses closely related to SIVgsn in two other species reinforces the hypothesis that a recombination event between ancestral SIVs from the family Cercopithecinae is the origin of the present SIVcpz that is widespread among the chimpanzee population.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: UR36-Laboratoire Retrovirus, IRD, 911 Ave. Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier cedex 1, France. Phone: 33-4 67 41 62 97. Fax: 33-4 67 41 61 46. E-mail: martine.peeters{at}mpl.ird.fr.

Journal of Virology, December 2003, p. 12523-12534, Vol. 77, No. 23
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.23.12523-12534.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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