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Journal of Virology, October 2003, p. 10751-10759, Vol. 77, No. 20
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.20.10751-10759.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Persistence and Dissemination of Simian Retrovirus Type 2 DNA in Relation to Viremia, Seroresponse, and Experimental Transmissibility in Macaca fascicularis

Roseanne C. Wilkinson,1* Claire K. Murrell,1 Rebecca Guy,1 Gail Davis,1 Joanna M. Hall,2 David C. North,2 Nicola J. Rose,1 and Neil Almond1

Division of Retrovirology,1 Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom2

Received 8 April 2003/ Accepted 14 July 2003

Endemic simian retrovirus (SRV) infection can cause fatal simian AIDS in Macaca fascicularis, but many individuals survive with few clinical signs. To further clarify the parameters of SRV pathogenesis, we investigated the persistence of viral DNA forms in relation to active viremia, antibody response, and transmissibility of infection. In M. fascicularis from endemically SRV-2-infected colonies, viral DNA was present in both linear and unintegrated long terminal repeat circular forms in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of all viremic and many nonviremic animals. Long-term followup of three individuals with distinct infection patterns demonstrated persistence of linear and circular forms of viral DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tissues, irrespective of viremia or antibody status, but reactivation of latent infections was not observed. The role of viral DNA in transmission and early pathogenesis of SRV-2 was investigated by inoculation of SRV-2 DNA-positive blood into groups of naïve M. fascicularis from either a viremic or nonviremic donor and subsequent analysis of the virological and serological status of the recipients. Transmission of SRV and development of anti-SRV antibodies were only observed in recipients of blood from the viremic donor; transfer of SRV provirus and unintegrated circular DNA in blood from the nonviremic donor did not lead to infection of the recipients. These results indicate that a proportion of M. fascicularis are able to effectively control the replication and infectivity of SRV despite long-term persistence of viral DNA forms in infected lymphocytes.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Retrovirology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 01707 641000. Fax: 44 01707 649865. E-mail: rwilkinson{at}nibsc.ac.uk.

Journal of Virology, October 2003, p. 10751-10759, Vol. 77, No. 20
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.20.10751-10759.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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