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Journal of Virology, January 2003, p. 1368-1381, Vol. 77, No. 2
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.2.1368-1381.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Polymorphism and Structural Maturation of Bunyamwera Virus in Golgi and Post-Golgi Compartments

Department of Macromolecular Structure, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid,¹ Universitat de Barcelona, Serveis Cientificotècnics, Unitats de Reconeixement Molecular in situ i Genòmica, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,² Division of Virology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G11 5JR, United Kingdom³

Received 14 June 2002/ Accepted 10 October 2002

The Golgi apparatus is the assembly site for a number of complex enveloped viruses. Using high-preservation methods for electron microscopy, we have detected two previously unknown maturation steps in the morphogenesis of Bunyamwera virus in BHK-21 cells. The first maturation takes place inside the Golgi stack, where annular immature particles transform into dense, compact structures. Megalomicin, a drug that disrupts the trans side of the Golgi complex, reversibly blocks transformation, showing that a functional trans-Golgi is needed for maturation. The second structural change seems to take place during the egress of viral particles from cells, when a coat of round-shaped spikes becomes evident. A fourth viral assembly was detected in infected cells: rigid tubular structures assemble in the Golgi region early in infection and frequently connect with mitochondria. In Vero cells, the virus induces an early and spectacular fragmentation of intracellular membranes while productive infection progresses. Assembly occurs in fragmented Golgi stacks and generates tubular structures, as well as the three spherical viral forms. These results, together with our previous studies with nonrelated viruses, show that the Golgi complex contains key factors for the structural transformation of a number of enveloped viruses that assemble intracellularly.