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Journal of Virology, October 2003, p. 10658-10662, Vol. 77, No. 19
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.19.10658-10662.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Preinfection Treatment of Resistant Mice with CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Renders Them Susceptible to Friend Retrovirus-Induced Leukemia

Anke R. M. Olbrich,1,2 Simone Schimmer,1,2 and Ulf Dittmer2*

Institut für Virologie der Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg,1 Institut für Virologie, Universität Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany2

Received 1 May 2003/ Accepted 9 July 2003

We recently reported that immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG oligodeoxynucleotides [CpG-ODN]) were effective in postexposure treatment of retrovirus-induced disease (A. R. M. Olbrich et al., J. Virol. 76:11397-11404, 2002). We now show that the timing of treatment is a critical factor in treatment efficacy. In stark contrast to the success of postexposure treatments, we found that CpG treatment of susceptible mice prior to Friend retrovirus infection accelerated the development of virus-induced erythroleukemia. Furthermore, 70.8% of mice that were resistant to Friend virus-induced leukemia developed disease after inoculation of CpG-ODN before infection. The CpG pretreatment of these mice enhanced viral loads in their spleens and blood compared to controls that received ODN without CpG motifs. The main target cells of Friend virus, erythroid precursor cells and B cells, proliferated after CpG-ODN inoculation and provided an enlarged target cell population for viral infection. Our present findings together with our previous report demonstrate that CpG-ODN treatment of viral infections may be a double-edged sword that can result in an effective therapy but also in an acceleration of disease progression depending on the time point of treatment.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut für Virologie, Universität Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany. Phone: 49-201-7233693. Fax: 49-201-7235929. E-mail: ulf.dittmer{at}uni-essen.de.

Journal of Virology, October 2003, p. 10658-10662, Vol. 77, No. 19
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.19.10658-10662.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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