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Journal of Virology, September 2003, p. 9823-9830, Vol. 77, No. 18
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.18.9823-9830.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Mucosal Immunization with Virus-Like Particles of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Conjugated with Cholera Toxin Subunit B

Sang-Moo Kang,1 Qizhi Yao,2 Lizheng Guo,1 and Richard W. Compans1*

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322,1 Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 770302

Received 6 March 2003/ Accepted 16 June 2003

To enhance the efficiency of antigen uptake at mucosal surfaces, CTB was conjugated to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) virus-like particles (VLPs). We characterized the immune responses to the Env and Gag proteins after intranasal administration. Intranasal immunization with a mixture of VLPs and CTB as an adjuvant elicited higher levels of SIV gp160-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) in sera and IgA in mucosae, including saliva, vaginal-wash samples, lung, and intestine, as well as a higher level of neutralization activities than immunization with VLPs alone. Conjugation of CTB to VLPs also enhanced the SIV VLP-specific antibodies in sera and in mucosae to similar levels. Interestingly, CTB-conjugated VLPs showed higher levels of cytokine (gamma interferon)-producing splenocytes and cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte activities of immune cells than VLPs plus CTB, as well as an increased level of both IgG1 and IgG2a serum antibodies, which indicates enhancement of both Th1- and Th2-type cellular immune responses. These results demonstrate that CTB can be an effective mucosal adjuvant in the context of VLPs to induce enhanced humoral, as well as cellular, immune responses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322. Phone: (404) 727-5947. Fax: (404) 727-8250. E-mail: Compans{at}microbio.emory.edu.

Journal of Virology, September 2003, p. 9823-9830, Vol. 77, No. 18
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.18.9823-9830.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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