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Journal of Virology, August 2003, p. 9099-9105, Vol. 77, No. 16
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.16.9099-9105.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Novel Gamma-1 Herpesviruses Identified in Free-Ranging New World Monkeys (Golden-Handed Tamarin [Saguinus midas], Squirrel Monkey [Saimiri sciureus], and White-Faced Saki [Pithecia pithecia]) in French Guiana

Benoit de Thoisy,1 Jean-François Pouliquen,1 Vincent Lacoste,2 Antoine Gessain,2 and Mirdad Kazanji1*

Laboratoire de Rétrovirologie, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana,1 Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France2

Received 19 February 2003/ Accepted 21 May 2003

The recent finding of a novel Epstein-Barr virus-related lymphocryptovirus (CalHV-3) in a captive colony of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) in the United States modifies the view that the host range of lymphocryptovirus is restricted to humans and Old World primates. We investigated the presence of Epstein-Barr virus-related viruses in 79 samples of New World monkeys caught in the wild, including six species of the Cebidae family and one of the Callitrichidae, living in the rain forest of French Guiana. Using a degenerate consensus PCR method for the herpesvirus DNA polymerase gene, we identified three novel lymphocryptoviruses from golden-handed tamarin (Saguinus midas) of the Callitrichidae family and squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) and white-faced saki (Pithecia pithecia) of the Cebidae family. With the CalHV-3 strain, these three novel viruses constitute a well-supported phylogenetic clade in the Lymphocryptovirus genus, which is clearly distinct from the lineage of Old World lymphocryptovirus, hosted by catarrhine monkeys and humans. In tamarins, the prevalence of the novel lymphocryptovirus was more than 50%, indicating that it circulates well in the wild population, perhaps due to specific ecoethological patterns such as confrontations and intergroup migration. The detection and partial molecular characterization of the polymerase gene of three novel Gamma-1-Herpesvirinae from New World monkeys caught in the wild clearly indicate that free-ranging populations of platyrrhine are natural hosts of lymphocryptoviruses. Further characterization of these novel viruses will provide new insight not only into the origin and evolution of Gammaherpesvirinae but also into their pathogenicity.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratoire de Rétrovirologie, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, BP 6010, 97306 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana. Phone: 594 5 94 29 58 17. Fax: 594 5 94 30 94 16. E-mail: mkazanji{at}pasteur-cayenne.fr.

Journal of Virology, August 2003, p. 9099-9105, Vol. 77, No. 16
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.16.9099-9105.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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  • Jackson, A. P. (2005). The Effect of Paralogous Lineages on the Application of Reconciliation Analysis by Cophylogeny Mapping. Syst Biol 54: 127-145 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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