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Journal of Virology, August 2003, p. 9008-9019, Vol. 77, No. 16
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.16.9008-9019.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Intracellular Trafficking of a Palmitoylated Membrane-Associated Protein Component of Enveloped Vaccinia Virus

Matloob Husain and Bernard Moss*

Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0445

Received 31 March 2003/ Accepted 12 May 2003

The F13L protein of vaccinia virus, an essential and abundant palmitoylated peripheral membrane component of intra- and extracellular enveloped virions, associates with Golgi, endosomal, and plasma membranes in the presence or absence of other viral proteins. In the present study, the trafficking of a fully functional F13L-green fluorescent protein (GFP) chimera in transfected and productively infected cells was analyzed using specific markers and inhibitors. We found that Sar1H79G, a trans-dominant-negative protein inhibitor of cargo transport from the endoplasmic reticulum, had no apparent effect on the intracellular distribution of F13L-GFP, suggesting that the initial membrane localization occurs at a downstream compartment of the secretory pathway. Recycling of F13L-GFP from the plasma membrane was demonstrated by partial colocalization with FM4-64, a fluorescent membrane marker of endocytosis. Punctate F13L-GFP fluorescence overlapped with clathrin and Texas red-conjugated transferrin, suggesting that endocytosis occurred via clathrin-coated pits. The inhibitory effects of chlorpromazine and trans-dominant-negative forms of dynamin and Eps15 protein on the recycling of F13L-GFP provided further evidence for clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In addition, the F13L protein was specifically coimmunoprecipitated with {alpha}-adaptin, a component of the AP-2 complex that interacts with Eps15. Nocodazole and wortmannin perturbed the intracellular trafficking of F13L-GFP, consistent with its entry into late and early endosomes through the secretory and endocytic pathways, respectively. The recycling pathway described here provides a mechanism for the reutilization of the F13L protein following its deposition in the plasma membrane during the exocytosis of enveloped virions.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 4 Center Dr., MSC 0445, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-0445. Phone: (301) 496-9869. Fax: (301) 480-1147. E-mail: bmoss{at}nih.gov.

Journal of Virology, August 2003, p. 9008-9019, Vol. 77, No. 16
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.16.9008-9019.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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Copyright © 2003 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.