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Journal of Virology, August 2003, p. 8783-8792, Vol. 77, No. 16
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.16.8783-8792.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Neonatal Macaques

Ronald S. Veazey,1* Jeffrey D. Lifson,2 Ivona Pandrea,1 Jeannette Purcell,1 Michael Piatak Jr.,2 and Andrew A. Lackner1

Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana 70433,1 SAIC, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, Maryland 217022

Received 11 February 2003/ Accepted 19 May 2003

Children with human immunodeficiency virus infection often have higher viral loads and progress to AIDS more rapidly than adults. Since the intestinal tract is a major site of early viral replication and CD4+ T-cell depletion in adults, we examined the effects of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) on both peripheral and intestinal lymphocytes from 13 neonatal macaques infected with SIVmac239. Normal neonates had more CD4+ T cells and fewer CD8+ T cells in all tissues than adults. Surprisingly, neonates had substantial percentages of CD4+ T cells with an activated, memory phenotype (effector CD4+ T cells) in the lamina propria of the intestine compared to peripheral lymphoid tissues, even when examined on the day of birth. Moreover, profound and selective depletion of jejunum lamina propria CD4+ T cells occurred in neonatal macaques within 21 days of infection, which was preceded by large numbers of SIV-infected cells in this compartment. Furthermore, neonates with less CD4+ T-cell depletion in tissues tended to have higher viral loads. The persistence of intestinal lamina propria CD4+ T cells in some neonates with high viral loads suggests that increased turnover and/or resistance to CD4+ T-cell loss may contribute to the higher viral loads and increased severity of disease in neonatal hosts.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 18703 Three Rivers Rd., Covington, LA 70433. Phone: (985) 871-6228. Fax: (985) 871-6510. E-mail: veazey{at}tpc.tulane.edu.

Journal of Virology, August 2003, p. 8783-8792, Vol. 77, No. 16
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.16.8783-8792.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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