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Journal of Virology, August 2003, p. 8695-8701, Vol. 77, No. 16
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.16.8695-8701.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Selection of Retroviral Reverse Transcription Primer Is Coordinated with tRNA Biogenesis

Nathan J. Kelly,1 Matthew T. Palmer,2 and Casey D. Morrow2*

Department of Microbiology,1 Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 352942

Received 27 March 2003/ Accepted 21 May 2003

Initiation of retrovirus reverse transcription requires the selection of a tRNA primer from the intracellular milieu. To investigate the features of primer selection, a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and a murine leukemia virus (MuLV) were created that require yeast tRNAPhe to be supplied in trans for infectivity. Wild-type yeast tRNAPhe expressed in mammalian cells was transported to the cytoplasm and aminoacylated. In contrast, tRNAPhe without the D loop (tRNAPheD-) was retained within the nucleus and did not complement infectivity of either HIV-1 or MuLV; however, infectivity was restored when tRNAPheD- was directly transfected into the cytoplasm of cells. A tRNAPhe mutant (tRNAPheUUA) that did not have the capacity to be aminoacylated was transported to the cytoplasm and did complement infectivity of both HIV-1 and MuLV, albeit at a level less than that with wild-type tRNAPhe. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the tRNA primer captured by HIV-1 and MuLV occurs after nuclear export of tRNA and supports a model in which primer selection for retroviruses is coordinated with tRNA biogenesis at the intracellular site of protein synthesis.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 802 Kaul Building, 720 20th St. South, Birmingham, AL 35294. Phone: (205) 934-5705. Fax: (205) 934-1580. E-mail: caseym{at}uab.edu.

Journal of Virology, August 2003, p. 8695-8701, Vol. 77, No. 16
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.16.8695-8701.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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