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Journal of Virology, July 2003, p. 7635-7644, Vol. 77, No. 13
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.13.7635-7644.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
STAT Protein Interference and Suppression of Cytokine Signal Transduction by Measles Virus V Protein
Heidi Palosaari, Jean-Patrick Parisien, Jason J. Rodriguez, Christina M. Ulane, and Curt M. Horvath*
Received 21 February 2003/
Accepted 8 April 2003
Measles virus, a paramyxovirus of the Morbillivirus genus, is responsible for an acute childhood illness that infects over 40 million people and leads to the deaths of more than 1 million people annually (C. J. Murray and A. D. Lopez, Lancet 349:1269-1276, 1997). Measles virus infection is characterized by virus-induced immune suppression that creates susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Here we demonstrate that measles virus can inhibit cytokine responses by direct interference with host STAT protein-dependent signaling systems. Expression of the measles V protein prevents alpha, beta, and gamma interferon-induced transcriptional responses. Furthermore, it can interfere with signaling by interleukin-6 and the non-receptor tyrosine kinase, v-Src. Affinity purification demonstrates that the measles V protein associates with cellular STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, and IRF9, as well as several unidentified partners. Mechanistic studies indicate that while the measles V protein does not interfere with STAT1 or STAT2 tyrosine phosphorylation, it causes a defect in IFN-induced STAT nuclear accumulation. The defective STAT nuclear redistribution is also observed in measles virus-infected cells, where some of the STAT protein is detected in cytoplasmic bodies that contain viral nucleocapsid protein and nucleic acids. Interference with STAT-inducible transcription may provide a novel intracellular mechanism for measles virus-induced cytokine inhibition that links innate immune evasion to adaptive immune suppression.
* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Immunobiology Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Pl., Box 1630, New York, NY 10029. Phone: (212) 659-9406. Fax: (212) 849-2525. E-mail:
curt.horvath{at}mssm.edu.
Journal of Virology, July 2003, p. 7635-7644, Vol. 77, No. 13
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.13.7635-7644.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
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