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Journal of Virology, June 2003, p. 6923-6930, Vol. 77, No. 12
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.12.6923-6930.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Sequence and Structure of Human Rhinoviruses Reveal the Basis of Receptor Discrimination

Marketa Vlasak,1 Soile Blomqvist,2 Tapani Hovi,2 Elizabeth Hewat,3 and Dieter Blaas1*

Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), A-1030 Vienna, Austria,1 Enterovirus Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, National Public Health Institute (KTL), FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland,2 Institut de Biologie Structurale J-P Ebel, 38027, Grenoble, France3

Received 19 February 2003/ Accepted 28 March 2003

The sequences of the capsid protein VP1 of all minor receptor group human rhinoviruses were determined. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that minor group HRVs were not more related to each other than to the nine major group HRVs whose sequences are known. Examination of the surface exposed amino acid residues of HRV1A and HRV2, whose X-ray structures are available, and that of three-dimensional models computed for the remaining eight minor group HRVs indicated a pattern of positively charged residues within the region, which, in HRV2, was shown to be the binding site of the very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor. A lysine in the HI loop of VP1 (K224 in HRV2) is strictly conserved within the minor group. It lies in the middle of the footprint of a single repeat of the VLDL receptor on HRV2. Major group virus serotypes exhibit mostly negative charges at the corresponding positions and do not bind the negatively charged VLDL receptor, presumably because of charge repulsion.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr Gasse 9/3, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. Phone: 43 1 4277 61630. Fax: 43 1 4277 9616. E-mail: dieter.blaas{at}univie.ac.at.

Journal of Virology, June 2003, p. 6923-6930, Vol. 77, No. 12
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.12.6923-6930.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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