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Journal of Virology, June 2003, p. 6574-6579, Vol. 77, No. 11
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.11.6574-6579.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Viral Internal Ribosome Entry Site Structures Segregate into Two Distinct Morphologies

Lucy P. Beales,1* Andreas Holzenburg,2 and David J. Rowlands1

Division of Microbiology, School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom,1 Electron Microscopy Centre and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 778432

Received 4 September 2002/ Accepted 6 March 2003

An increasing number of viruses have been shown to initiate protein synthesis by a cap-independent mechanism involving internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs). Predictions of the folding patterns of these RNA motifs have been based primarily on sequence and biochemical analyses. Biophysical confirmation of the models has been achieved only for the IRES of hepatitis C virus (HCV), which adopts an open structure consisting of two major stems. We have conducted an extensive comparison of flavivirus and picornavirus IRES elements by negative stain transmission electron microscopy. All of the flavivirus IRESs we examined (those of GB virus-B, GB virus-C, and classical swine fever virus) fold to give a structure similar to that of the HCV IRES, as does an IRES recently found on mRNA encoded by human herpesvirus 8. The larger picornavirus IRESs (those of foot-and-mouth disease virus, rhinovirus, encephalomyocarditis virus, and hepatitis A virus) are morphologically similar, comprising a backbone with two protruding stems, and distinct from the flavivirus IRESs.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Microbiology, School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Old Medical School, Thoresby Place, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom. Phone: 44-113-343 5579. Fax: 44-113-343 5638. E-mail: l.p.beales{at}bmb.leeds.ac.uk.

Journal of Virology, June 2003, p. 6574-6579, Vol. 77, No. 11
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.11.6574-6579.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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