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Journal of Virology, June 2003, p. 6520-6527, Vol. 77, No. 11
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.11.6520-6527.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Activation of Fusion by the SER Virus F Protein: a Low-pH-Dependent Paramyxovirus Entry Process

Shaguna Seth, Annelet Vincent,{dagger} and R. W. Compans*

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322

Received 23 December 2002/ Accepted 13 March 2003

SER virus, a paramyxovirus closely related to simian virus 5, induces no syncytium formation. The SER virus F protein has a long cytoplasmic tail (CT), and truncation or mutations of the CT result in enhanced syncytium formation (S. Seth, A. Vincent, and R. W. Compans, J. Virol. 77:167-178, 2003; S. Tong, M. Li, A. Vincent, R. W. Compans, E. Fritsch, R. Beier, C. Klenk, M. Ohuchi, and H.-D. Klenk, Virology 301:322-333, 2002). We hypothesized that the presence of the long CT serves to stabilize the metastable conformation of the F protein. We observed that the hemifusion, cytoplasmic content mixing, and syncytium formation ability of the wild-type SER virus F coexpressed with the SER virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein was enhanced, both qualitatively and quantitatively, at elevated temperatures. We also observed enhanced hemifusion, content mixing, and syncytium formation in SER virus F- and HN-expressing cells at reduced pH conditions ranging between 4.8 and 6.2. We have obtained evidence that in contrast to other paramyxoviruses, entry of SER virus into cells occurs by a low-pH-dependent process, indicating that the conversion to the fusion-active state for SER virus F is triggered by exposure to reduced pH.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322. Phone: (404) 727-5947. Fax: (404) 727-8250. E-mail: compans{at}microbio.emory.edu.

{dagger} Present address: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30322.

Journal of Virology, June 2003, p. 6520-6527, Vol. 77, No. 11
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.11.6520-6527.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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