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Journal of Virology, January 2003, p. 217-227, Vol. 77, No. 1
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.1.217-227.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Novel Member of the CD209 (DC-SIGN) Gene Family in Primates

Arman A. Bashirova,1 Li Wu,2 Jie Cheng,1 Thomas D. Martin,2 Maureen P. Martin,3 Raoul E. Benveniste,4 Jeffrey D. Lifson,5 Vineet N. KewalRamani,2 Austin Hughes,6 and Mary Carrington3*

Intramural Research Support Program,3 AIDS Vaccine Program, Science Application International Corporation at Frederick,5 Laboratory of Genomic Diversity,1 HIV Drug Resistance Program,2 Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702,4 Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 292086

Received 23 May 2002/ Accepted 23 September 2002

Two CD209 family genes identified in humans, CD209 (DC-SIGN) and CD209L (DC-SIGNR/L-SIGN), encode C-type lectins that serve as adhesion receptors for ICAM-2 and ICAM-3 and participate in the transmission of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV, respectively) to target cells in vitro. Here we characterize the CD209 gene family in nonhuman primates and show that recent evolutionary alterations have occurred in this family across primate species. All of the primate species tested, specifically, Old World monkeys (OWM) and apes, have orthologues of human CD209. In contrast, CD209L is missing in OWM but present in apes. A third family member, that we have named CD209L2, was cloned from rhesus monkey cDNA and subsequently identified in OWM and apes but not in humans. Rhesus CD209L2 mRNA was prominently expressed in the liver and axillary lymph nodes, although preliminary data suggest that levels of expression may vary among individuals. Despite a high level of sequence similarity to both human and rhesus CD209, rhesus CD209L2 was substantially less effective at binding ICAM-3 and poorly transmitted HIV type 1 and SIV to target cells relative to CD209. Our data suggest that the CD209 gene family has undergone recent evolutionary processes involving duplications and deletions, the latter of which may be tolerated because of potentially redundant functional activities of the molecules encoded by these genes.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: P.O. Box B, NCI—Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702. Phone: (301) 846-1390. Fax: (301) 846-5323. E-mail: carringt{at}mail.ncifcrf.gov.

Journal of Virology, January 2003, p. 217-227, Vol. 77, No. 1
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.1.217-227.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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