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Journal of Virology, April 2002, p. 3765-3773, Vol. 76, No. 8
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.8.3765-3773.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Analysis of Hantavirus Genetic Diversity in Argentina: S Segment-Derived Phylogeny

Marlene C. Bohlman,1 Sergey P. Morzunov,1,2 John Meissner,1 Mary Beth Taylor,1 Kimiko Ishibashi,1 Joan Rowe,1 Silvana Levis,3 Delia Enria,3 and Stephen C. St. Jeor1*

Department of Microbiology,1 Department of Pathology and Nevada State Health Laboratory, University of Nevada at Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557,2 Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas, Pergamino, Argentina3

Received 17 September 2001/ Accepted 20 December 2001

Nucleotide sequences were determined for the complete S genome segments of the six distinct hantavirus genotypes from Argentina and for two cell culture-isolated Andes virus strains from Chile. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that, although divergent from each other, all Argentinian hantavirus genotypes group together and form a novel phylogenetic clade with the Andes virus. The previously characterized South American hantaviruses Laguna Negra virus and Rio Mamore virus make up another clade that originates from the same ancestral node as the Argentinian/Chilean viruses. Within the clade of Argentinian/Chilean viruses, three subclades can be defined, although the branching order is somewhat obscure. These are made of (i) "Lechiguanas-like" virus genotypes, (ii) Maciel virus and Pergamino virus genotypes, and (iii) strains of the Andes virus. Two hantavirus genotypes from Brazil, Araraquara and Castello dos Sonhos, were found to group with Maciel virus and Andes virus, respectively. The nucleocapsid protein amino acid sequence variability among the members of the Argentinian/Chilean clade does not exceed 5.8%. It is especially low (3.5%) among oryzomyine species-associated virus genotypes, suggesting recent divergence from the common ancestor. Interestingly, the Maciel and Pergamino viruses fit well with the rest of the clade although their hosts are akodontine rodents. Taken together, these data suggest that under conditions in which potential hosts display a high level of genetic diversity and are sympatric, host switching may play a prominent role in establishing hantavirus genetic diversity. However, cospeciation still remains the dominant factor in the evolution of hantaviruses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Howard Medical Bldg., Mail Stop 320, University of Nevada—Reno, Reno, NV 89557. Phone: (775) 784-4123. Fax: (775) 784-1620. E-mail: stjeor{at}med.unr.edu.

Journal of Virology, April 2002, p. 3765-3773, Vol. 76, No. 8
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.8.3765-3773.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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