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 Previous Article

Journal of Virology, March 2002, p. 3084-3088, Vol. 76, No. 6
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.6.3084-3088.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Efficient Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication Requires a Fine-Tuned Level of Transcription

Giuseppe Marzio,{dagger}, Monique Vink, Koen Verhoef,{ddagger}, Anthony de Ronde,||, and Ben Berkhout*

Department of Human Retrovirology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Received 30 August 2001/ Accepted 28 November 2001

Transcription represents a crucial step in the life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and is highly regulated. Here we show that the strength of the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter is optimized for efficient replication. Artificially increasing the rate of LTR-driven transcription was strongly detrimental for viral fitness, and HIV was able to regain replication capacity by selecting for variants with a weaker LTR. Strikingly, the strength of the evolved promoter was equivalent to that of the wild-type LTR.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Human Retrovirology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Phone: 31 20 566 4822. Fax: 31 20 691 6531. E-mail: b.berkhout{at}amc.uva.nl.

{dagger} Present address: Crucell B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands.

{ddagger} Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

|| Present address: Primagen B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Journal of Virology, March 2002, p. 3084-3088, Vol. 76, No. 6
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.6.3084-3088.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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