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Journal of Virology, December 2002, p. 12963-12973, Vol. 76, No. 24
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.24.12963-12973.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

RNA Interference Directed against Viral and Cellular Targets Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication

Rama M. Surabhi and Richard B. Gaynor*

Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Harold Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390

Received 20 May 2002/ Accepted 13 September 2002

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression is regulated by both cellular transcription factors and Tat. The ability of Tat to stimulate transcriptional elongation is dependent on its binding to TAR RNA in conjunction with cyclin T1 and CDK9. A variety of other cellular factors that bind to the HIV-1 long terminal repeat, including NF-{kappa}B, SP1, LBP, and LEF, are also important in the control of HIV-1 gene expression. Although these factors have been demonstrated to regulate HIV-1 gene expression by both genetic and biochemical analysis, in most cases a direct in vivo demonstration of their role on HIV-1 replication has not been established. Recently, the efficacy of RNA interference in mammalian cells has been shown utilizing small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to result in the specific degradation of host mRNAs and decreases the levels of their corresponding proteins. In this study, we addressed whether siRNAs directed against either HIV-1 tat or reverse transcriptase or the NF-{kappa}B p65 subunit could specifically decrease the levels of these proteins and thus alter HIV-1 replication. Our results demonstrate the specificity of siRNAs for decreasing the expression of these viral and cellular proteins and inhibiting HIV-1 replication. These studies suggest that RNA interference is useful in exploring the biological role of cellular and viral regulatory factors involved in the control of HIV-1 gene expression.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, U.T. Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8594. Phone: (214) 648-4996. Fax: (214) 648-4152. E-mail: gaynor_richard{at}lilly.com.

Journal of Virology, December 2002, p. 12963-12973, Vol. 76, No. 24
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.24.12963-12973.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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