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Journal of Virology, November 2002, p. 11623-11636, Vol. 76, No. 22
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.22.11623-11636.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Escape in One of Two Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitopes Bound by a High-Frequency Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecule, Mamu-A*02: a Paradigm for Virus Evolution and Persistence?

Thorsten U. Vogel,1 Thomas C. Friedrich,1 David H. O'Connor,1 William Rehrauer,2 Elizabeth J. Dodds,1 Heather Hickman,3 William Hildebrand,3 John Sidney,4 Alessandro Sette,4 Austin Hughes,5 Helen Horton,1 Kathy Vielhuber,1 Richard Rudersdorf,1 Ivna P. de Souza,6 Matthew R. Reynolds,1 Todd M. Allen,1 Nancy Wilson,1 and David I. Watkins1,6*

Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center,1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715,6 Laboratory of Histocompatibility/Molecular Diagnostics, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin 53792,2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73190,3 Epimmune, Inc., San Diego, California 92121,4 Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 292085

Received 2 August 2002/ Accepted 13 August 2002

It is now accepted that an effective vaccine against AIDS must include effective cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. The simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaque is the best available animal model for AIDS, but analysis of macaque CTL responses has hitherto focused mainly on epitopes bound by a single major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule, Mamu-A*01. The availability of Mamu-A*01-positive macaques for vaccine studies is therefore severely limited. Furthermore, it is becoming clear that different CTL responses are able to control immunodeficiency virus replication with varying success, making it a priority to identify and analyze CTL responses restricted by common MHC class I molecules other than Mamu-A*01. Here we describe two novel epitopes derived from SIV, one from Gag (Gag71-79 GY9), and one from the Nef protein (Nef159-167 YY9). Both epitopes are bound by the common macaque MHC class I molecule, Mamu-A*02. The sequences of these two eptiopes are consistent with the molecule's peptide-binding motif, which we have defined by elution of natural ligands from Mamu-A*02. Strikingly, we found evidence for the selection of escape variant viruses by CTL specific for Nef159-167 YY9 in 6 of 6 Mamu-A*02-positive animals. In contrast, viral sequences encoding the Gag71-79 GY9 epitope remained intact in each animal. This situation is reminiscent of Mamu-A*01-restricted CTL that recognize Tat28-35 SL8, which reproducibly selects for escape variants during acute infection, and Gag181-189 CM9, which does not. Differential selection by CTL may therefore be a paradigm of immunodeficiency virus infection.


* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center, 1220 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI 53715. Phone: (608) 265-3380. Fax (608) 265-8084. E-mail: watkins{at}primate.wisc.edu.


Journal of Virology, November 2002, p. 11623-11636, Vol. 76, No. 22
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.22.11623-11636.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.




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