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Journal of Virology, November 2002, p. 10811-10820, Vol. 76, No. 21
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.21.10811-10820.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus Internal Scaffold Domain Enables In Vitro Assembly of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag

Michael Sakalian,1* Stephanie S. Dittmer,2 A. Dustin Gandy,2 Nathan D. Rapp,1 Ales Zábransky,1,{dagger} and Eric Hunter2

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73190,1 Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 352942

Received 10 May 2002/ Accepted 26 July 2002

The Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV) Gag protein possesses the ability to assemble into an immature capsid when synthesized in a reticulocyte lysate translation system. In contrast, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Gag protein is incapable of assembly in parallel assays. To enable the assembly of HIV Gag, we have combined or inserted regions of M-PMV Gag into HIV Gag. By both biochemical and morphological criteria, several of these chimeric Gag molecules are capable of assembly into immature capsid-like structures in this in vitro system. Chimeric species containing large regions of M-PMV Gag fused to HIV Gag sequences failed to assemble, while species consisting of only the M-PMV p12 region, and its internal scaffold domain (ISD), fused to HIV Gag were capable of assembly, albeit at reduced kinetics compared to M-PMV Gag. The ability of the ISD to induce assembly of HIV Gag, which normally assembles at the plasma membrane, suggests a common requirement for a concentrating factor in retrovirus assembly. Despite the dramatic effect of the ISD on chimera assembly, the function of HIV Gag domains in that process was found to remain essential, since an assembly-defective mutant of HIV CA, M185A, abolished assembly when introduced into the chimera. This continued requirement for HIV Gag domain function in the assembly of chimeric molecules will allow this in vitro system to be used for the analysis of potential inhibitors of HIV immature particle assembly.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, P.O. Box 26901, Oklahoma City, OK 73190. Phone: (405) 271-2133. Fax: (405) 271-3117. E-mail: mike-sakalian{at}ouhsc.edu.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic 166 10.

Journal of Virology, November 2002, p. 10811-10820, Vol. 76, No. 21
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.21.10811-10820.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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