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Journal of Virology, November 2002, p. 10791-10800, Vol. 76, No. 21
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.21.10791-10800.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Identification of Conserved and Variable Structures in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus gp120 Glycoprotein of Importance for CXCR4 Binding

Stéphane Basmaciogullari,1,2 Gregory J. Babcock,1,2 Donald Van Ryk,3 Woj Wojtowicz,1 and Joseph Sodroski1,2,4*

Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,1 Department of Pathology, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School,2 Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,4 Stellar Chance Laboratories, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 191043

Received 25 April 2002/ Accepted 26 July 2002

CD4 and the chemokine receptors, CXCR4 and CCR5, serve as receptors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Binding of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein to the chemokine receptors normally requires prior interaction with CD4. Mapping the determinants on gp120 for the low-affinity interaction with CXCR4 has been difficult due to the nonspecific binding of this viral glycoprotein to cell surfaces. Here we examine the binding of a panel of gp120 mutants to paramagnetic proteoliposomes displaying CXCR4 on their surfaces. We show that the gp120 ß19 strand and third variable (V3) loop contain residues important for CXCR4 interaction. Basic residues from both elements, as well as a conserved hydrophobic residue at the V3 tip, contribute to CXCR4 binding. Removal of the gp120 V1/V2 variable loops allows the envelope glycoprotein to bind CXCR4 in a CD4-independent manner. These results indicate that although some variable gp120 residues contribute to the specific binding to CCR5 or CXCR4, gp120 elements common to CXCR4- or CCR5-using strains are involved in the interaction with both coreceptors.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Jimmy Fund Building, Room 824, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney St., Boston, MA 02115. Phone: (617) 632-3371. Fax: (617) 632-4338. E-mail: joseph_sodroski{at}dfci.harvard.edu.

Journal of Virology, November 2002, p. 10791-10800, Vol. 76, No. 21
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.21.10791-10800.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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