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Journal of Virology, October 2002, p. 10089-10098, Vol. 76, No. 20
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.20.10089-10098.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Characterization of an Enteropathogenic Bovine Calicivirus Representing a Potentially New Calicivirus Genus

J. R. Smiley,1 K. O. Chang,1 J. Hayes,2 J. Vinjé,3 and L. J. Saif1*

The Ohio State University-Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Food Animal Health Research Program, Wooster, Ohio 44691,1 Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Ohio Department of Agriculture, Reynoldsburg, Ohio 43068,2 Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 275993

Received 29 March 2002/ Accepted 11 July 2002

Bovine enteric caliciviruses (BEC) are associated with diarrhea in young calves. The BEC strains detected in Europe form a third genogroup within the genus "Norwalk-like viruses" (NLV) of the family Caliciviridae. In this report, we present sequence, clinical, and histological data characterizing a novel enteropathogenic BEC strain, NB, detected in fecal specimens from calves in the United States. The complete RNA genome of the NB virus is 7,453 bases long and is organized into two open reading frames (ORFs). ORF-1 is 2,210 amino acids long and encodes a large nonstructural polyprotein contiguous with the major capsid protein (VP1), similar to the lagoviruses and "Sapporo-like viruses" (SLV). The conserved calicivirus motifs were identified in the nonstructural proteins. ORF-2 is located at the 3' end of the genome and encodes a small basic protein (VP2) of 225 amino acids. The 5' and 3' untranslated regions are 74 and 67 bases long, respectively. Among caliciviruses, NB virus shows amino acid identities of 14.1 to 22.6% over the entire ORF-1 nonstructural-protein sequence with NLV, SLV, vesivirus, and lagovirus strains, while the overall sequence identity of the complete NB VP-1 with other caliciviruses is low, varying between 14.6 and 26.7%. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete VP1 protein, including strains from all four calicivirus genera, showed the closest grouping of NB virus to be with viruses in the genus Lagovirus, which cause liver infections and systemic hemorrhage in rabbits. In gnotobiotic calves, however, NB virus elicited only diarrhea and intestinal lesions that were most severe in the upper small intestine (duodenum and jejunum), similar to the NLV BEC strains. The tissues of major organs, including the lung, liver, kidney, and spleen, had no visible microscopic lesions.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Food Animal Health Program, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691. Phone: (330) 263-3744. Fax: (330) 263-3677. E-mail: saif.2{at}osu.edu.

Journal of Virology, October 2002, p. 10089-10098, Vol. 76, No. 20
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.20.10089-10098.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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