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Journal of Virology, September 2002, p. 9096-9102, Vol. 76, No. 18
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.18.9096-9102.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Effect of Altering the tRNAConcentration in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 upon Its Annealing to Viral RNA, GagPol Incorporation, and Viral Infectivity

Juliana Gabor,1,2 Shan Cen,1 Hassan Javanbakht,1,3 Meijuan Niu,1 and Lawrence Kleiman1,2,3*

Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill AIDS Centre, Jewish General Hospital,1 Departments of Medicine,3 Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, H3T 1E2 Quebec, Canada2

Received 19 February 2002/ Accepted 4 May 2002

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) uses tRNA as a primer for reverse transcription and, during viral assembly, this tRNA is selectively packaged into the virus along with the other major tRNALys, tRNA. Increasing the cytoplasmic concentration of tRNA through transfection of cells with a plasmid containing both HIV-1 proviral DNA and a tRNA gene results in a greater incorporation of tRNA into virions, which is accompanied by increased annealing of tRNA to the viral genome and increased infectivity of the viral population. Increased viral tRNA is accompanied by decreased viral tRNA, with the total tRNALys/virion and the GagPol/Gag ratios remaining unchanged. Viral tRNALys can be doubled, with increases in both tRNA and tRNA concentrations, by overexpressing lysyl tRNA synthetase. This also results in increased tRNA annealing to the viral RNA and increased viral infectivity but, again, no change in the GagPol/Gag ratio was observed. This result indicates that GagPol, whose interaction is required during packaging, is not a limiting factor during tRNALys incorporation into HIV-1, whereas LysRS is.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research-Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote St. Catherine Rd., Montreal, H3T 1E2 Quebec, Canada. Phone: (514) 340-8260. Fax: (514) 340-7502. E-mail: lawrence.kleiman{at}mcgill.ca.

Journal of Virology, September 2002, p. 9096-9102, Vol. 76, No. 18
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.18.9096-9102.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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