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Journal of Virology, September 2002, p. 9002-9010, Vol. 76, No. 18
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.18.9002-9010.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Glycoprotein D plus Emulsigen Are Increased by Formulation with CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides{dagger}

X. P. Ioannou,1 P. Griebel,1 R. Hecker,2 L. A. Babiuk,1 and S. van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk1*

Veterinary Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E3 Canada,1 Qiagen-GmbH, 40724 Hilden, Germany2

Received 16 April 2002/ Accepted 11 June 2002

The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) subunit vaccine formulated with Emulsigen (Em) and a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides (CpG ODN) was determined in cattle. A truncated, secreted version of BHV-1 glycoprotein D (tgD) formulated with Em and CpG ODN at concentrations of 25, 2.5, or 0.25 mg/dose produced a more balanced immune response, higher levels of virus neutralizing antibodies, and greater protection after BHV-1 challenge compared to tgD adjuvanted with either Em or CpG ODN alone. In contrast, tgD formulated with Em and either 25 mg of a non-CpG ODN or another immunostimulatory compound, dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide, induced similar immunity and protection compared to tgD formulated with Em alone, a finding which confirms the immunostimulatory effect of ODN to be CpG motif mediated. Our results demonstrate the ability of CpG ODN to induce a strong and balanced immune response in a target species.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Veterinary Infectious Disease Organization, 120 Veterinary Rd., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E3 Canada. Phone: (306) 966-7487. Fax: (306) 966-7478. E-mail: vandenhurk{at}sask.usask.ca.

{dagger} Veterinary Infectious Disease Organization journal series number 303.

Journal of Virology, September 2002, p. 9002-9010, Vol. 76, No. 18
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.18.9002-9010.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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