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Journal of Virology, August 2002, p. 8475-8484, Vol. 76, No. 16
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.16.8475-8484.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Inserting a Nuclear Targeting Signal into a Replication-Competent Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Affects Viral Export and Is Not Sufficient for Cell Cycle-Independent Infection

Jennifer A. Seamon,1 Kathryn S. Jones,2 Christina Miller,1 and Monica J. Roth1*

Department of Biochemistry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854,1 Intramural Research Support Program, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 217022

Received 25 January 2002/ Accepted 10 May 2002

The effects of inserting reported nuclear localization signals (NLSs) into the Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV) integrase (IN) protein, within a replication-competent viral construct, were studied. In contrast to the virus harboring IN fused to the simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen NLS (SV40 NLS) (J. A. Seamon, M. Adams, S. Sengupta, and M. J. Roth, Virology 274:412-419, 2000), a codon-modified SV40 NLS was stably expressed during viral propagation. Incorporation of the codon-modified SV40 NLS into IN, however, altered the packaging of the Gag-Pol precursor in the virus; viral particles contained decreased levels of reverse transcriptase (RT) and IN. In addition, the virus showed delayed kinetics of viral DNA synthesis upon infection. A panel of infectious MuLVs containing alternative IN-NLS fusions was generated and assayed for cell cycle-independent infection. Viral infection with the NLS-tagged proteins, however, remained dependent on passage of the cells through mitosis. This finding has direct implications for engineering murine-based retroviral vectors for gene therapy.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Ln., Piscataway, NJ 08854. Phone: (732) 235-5048. Fax: (732) 235-4783. E-mail: roth{at}waksman.rutgers.edu.

Journal of Virology, August 2002, p. 8475-8484, Vol. 76, No. 16
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.16.8475-8484.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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