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Journal of Virology, August 2002, p. 7863-7867, Vol. 76, No. 15
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.15.7863-7867.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Oligomeric Structure of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Protein on the Virion Surface

Rob J. Center,1 Richard D. Leapman,2 Jacob Lebowitz,2 Larry O. Arthur,3 Patricia L. Earl,1 and Bernard Moss1*

Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,,1 Division of Bioengineering and Physical Science, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,2 AIDS Vaccine Program, Science Applications International Corporation—Frederick, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 217023

Received 26 February 2002/ Accepted 29 April 2002

The envelope protein (Env) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 forms homo-oligomers in the endoplasmic reticulum. The oligomeric structure of Env is maintained after cleavage in a Golgi compartment and transport to the surfaces of infected cells, where incorporation into budding virions takes place. Here, we use biophysical techniques to assess the oligomeric valency of virion-associated Env prior to fusion activation. Virion-associated Env oligomers were stabilized by chemical cross-linking prior to detergent extraction and were purified by immunoaffinity chromatography. Gel filtration revealed a single predominant oligomeric species, and sedimentation equilibrium analysis-derived mass values indicated a trimeric structure. Determination of the masses of individual Env molecules by scanning transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that virion-associated Env was trimeric, and a triangular morphology was observed in 20 to 30% of the molecules. These results, which firmly establish the oligomeric structure of human immunodeficiency virus virion-associated Env, parallel those of our previous analysis of the simian immunodeficiency virus Env.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 4, Room 229, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892. Phone: (301) 496-9869. Fax: (301) 480-1147. E-mail: bmoss{at}nih.gov.

Journal of Virology, August 2002, p. 7863-7867, Vol. 76, No. 15
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.15.7863-7867.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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