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Journal of Virology, August 2002, p. 7374-7384, Vol. 76, No. 15
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.15.7374-7384.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression Correlates with Virulence following Neurotropic Mouse Hepatitis Virus Infection

Jiehao Zhou,1 Stephen A. Stohlman,2,3 Roscoe Atkinson,1 David R. Hinton,1 and Norman W. Marten1*

Departments of Pathology,,1 Neurology, and,2 Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 900333

Received 22 February 2002/ Accepted 24 April 2002

The relationship(s) between viral virulence and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression in the central nervous system (CNS) of mice undergoing lethal and sublethal infections with neurotropic mouse hepatitis virus was investigated. Lethal infection induced increased levels of MMP-3 and MMP-12 mRNAs as well as that of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) compared to sublethal infection. Increased induction of MMP, TIMP, and chemokine expression correlated with increased virus replication but not with inflammatory cell infiltration. Infection of immunosuppressed mice suggested that expression of most MMP, TIMP, and chemokine mRNA was induced primarily in CNS-resident cells. By contrast, MMP-9 protein activity was associated with the infiltration of neutrophils into the CNS. These data indicate an association between the magnitude of inflammatory gene expression within the CNS and viral virulence.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pathology, 1333 San Pablo St., MCH 142, Los Angeles, CA 90033. Phone: (323) 442-1570. Fax: (323) 225-2369. E-mail: marten{at}hsc.usc.edu.

Journal of Virology, August 2002, p. 7374-7384, Vol. 76, No. 15
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.15.7374-7384.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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