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Journal of Virology, July 2002, p. 6487-6494, Vol. 76, No. 13
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.13.6487-6494.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

{gamma}{delta} T Cells Promote a Th1 Response during Coxsackievirus B3 Infection In Vivo: Role of Fas and Fas Ligand

Sally Huber,1* Cuixia Shi,2 and Ralph C. Budd2

Department of Pathology,1 Immunobiology Program, The University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 054052

Received 6 December 2001/ Accepted 3 April 2002

Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) interactions regulate disease outcome in coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis. MRL+/+ mice infected with CVB3 develop severe myocarditis, a dominant CD4+ Th1 (gamma interferon [IFN-{gamma}+]) response to the virus, and a predominance of {gamma}{delta} T cells in the myocardial infiltrates. MRL lpr/lpr and MRL gld/gld mice, which lack normal expression of Fas and express a mutated FasL, respectively, have minimal myocarditis and show a dominant CD4+ Th2 (interleukin-4 [IL-4+]) phenotype to CVB3. Spleen cells from virus-infected wild-type, lpr, and gld animals proliferate equally to virus in vitro. Adoptive transfer of {gamma}{delta} T cells from hearts of CVB3-infected MRL+/+ mice (FasL+) into infected MRL gld/gld recipients (FasL-/Fas+) restores both disease susceptibility and Th1 cell phenotype. However, transfer of these cells into MRL lpr/lpr recipients (FasL+/Fas-) did not promote myocarditis and the viral response remained Th2 biased. This paralleled the expression of very high surface levels of FasL by myocardial {gamma}{delta} T cells, as well as their propensity to selectively lyse Th2 virus-specific CD4+ T cells. These results demonstrate that Fas/FasL interactions conferred by {gamma}{delta} T cells on lymphocyte subpopulations may regulate the cytokine response to CVB3 infection and pathogenicity.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: The University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 208 S. Park Dr., Suite #2, Colchester, VT 05446. Phone: (802) 656-8944. Fax: (802) 656-8965. E-mail: Sally.Huber{at}uvm.edu.

Journal of Virology, July 2002, p. 6487-6494, Vol. 76, No. 13
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.13.6487-6494.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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