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Journal of Virology, May 2002, p. 4798-4809, Vol. 76, No. 10
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.10.4798-4809.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Genetic Analysis of cis Regulatory Elements within the 5' Region of the Human Papillomavirus Type 31 Upstream Regulatory Region during Different Stages of the Viral Life Cycle

Ellora Sen, Jennifer L. Bromberg-White, and Craig Meyers*

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033

Received 11 October 2001/ Accepted 4 January 2002

The function of the 5' region of the upstream regulatory region (URR) in regulating E6/E7 expression in cancer-associated papillomaviruses has been largely uncharacterized. In this study we used linker-scanning mutational analysis to identify potential cis regulatory elements contained within a portion of the 5' region of the URR that are involved in regulating transcription of the E6/E7 promoter at different stages of the viral life cycle. The mutational analysis illustrated differences in the transcriptional utilization of specific regions of the URR depending on the stage of the viral life cycle. This study identified (i) viral cis elements that regulate transcription in the presence and absence of any viral gene products or viral DNA replication, (ii) the role of host tissue differentiation in viral transcriptional regulation, and (iii) cis regulatory regions that are effected by induction of the protein kinase C pathway. Our studies have provided an extensive map of functional elements in the 5' region (nuncleotides 7259 to 7510) of the human papillomavirus type 31 URR that are involved in the regulation of p99 promoter activity at different stages of the viral life cycle.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033. Phone: (717) 531-6240. Fax: (717) 531-4600. E-mail: cmm10{at}psu.edu.

Journal of Virology, May 2002, p. 4798-4809, Vol. 76, No. 10
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.10.4798-4809.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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