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Interleukin-1 Released from Epithelial Cells after Adenovirus Type 37 Infection Activates Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 Expression on Human Vascular Endothelial Cells

Departments of Microbiology & Immunology,¹ Pathology,³ Pediatrics Dalhousie University, Halifax B3H 4H7, Nova Scotia,⁴ University of Ottawa Eye Institute, Ottawa Hospital-General Campus, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada,⁵ Department of Ophthalmology,² Clinical Laboratory Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan⁶

Received 2 August 2001/ Accepted 5 October 2001

A key event in virus-induced inflammation (leukocyte extravasation through the endothelium) is the local activation of endothelial cells, as indicated by the expression of adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin. In order to identify triggers of inflammation in adenovirus infection, we inoculated respiratory and ocular epithelial cells with adenovirus type 37 (Ad37), a human pathogen associated with keratoconjunctivitis as well as urogenital and respiratory infections. Fluids from virus-infected epithelial cells activated ICAM-1 (and to a lesser extent, VCAM-1) expression on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Blocking studies with anticytokine antibodies implicated interleukin-1 (IL-1) as the epithelial cell-derived factor which activated endothelial cell ICAM-1 expression. The results thus identify epithelial cell-derived IL-1 as a potentially important activator of endothelial cells in Ad37-induced inflammation.

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