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Journal of Virology, May 2001, p. 4029-4039, Vol. 75, No. 9
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.9.4029-4039.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Reovirus Binding to Cell Surface Sialic Acid Potentiates Virus-Induced Apoptosis

Jodi L. Connolly,1,2 Erik S. Barton,1,2 and Terence S. Dermody1,2,3,*

Departments of Microbiology and Immunology1 and Pediatrics3 and Elizabeth B. Lamb Center for Pediatric Research,2 Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232

Received 7 November 2000/Accepted 29 January 2001

Reovirus induces apoptosis in cultured cells and in vivo. Genetic studies indicate that the efficiency with which reovirus strains induce apoptosis is determined by the viral S1 gene, which encodes attachment protein sigma 1. However, the biochemical properties of sigma 1 that influence apoptosis induction are unknown. To determine whether the capacity of sigma 1 to bind cell surface sialic acid determines the magnitude of the apoptotic response, we used isogenic reovirus mutants that differ in the capacity to engage sialic acid. We found that T3SA+, a virus capable of binding sialic acid, induces high levels of apoptosis in both HeLa cells and L cells. In contrast, non-sialic-acid-binding strain T3SA- induces little or no apoptosis in these cell types. Differences in the capacity of T3SA- and T3SA+ to induce apoptosis are not due to differences in viral protein synthesis or production of viral progeny. Removal of cell surface sialic acid with neuraminidase abolishes the capacity of T3SA+ to induce apoptosis. Similarly, incubation of T3SA+ with sialyllactose, a trisaccharide comprised of lactose and sialic acid, blocks apoptosis. These findings demonstrate that reovirus binding to cell surface sialic acid is a critical requirement for the efficient induction of apoptosis and suggest that virus receptor utilization plays an important role in regulating cell death.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Lamb Center for Pediatric Research, D7235 MCN, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232. Phone: (615) 343-9943. Fax: (615) 343-9723. E-mail: terry.dermody{at}mcmail.vanderbilt.edu.

Journal of Virology, May 2001, p. 4029-4039, Vol. 75, No. 9
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.9.4029-4039.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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