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Journal of Virology, April 2001, p. 4014-4018, Vol. 75, No. 8
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.8.4014-4018.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Particles Pseudotyped with Envelope Proteins That Fuse at Low pH No Longer Require Nef for Optimal Infectivity

Nathalie Chazal,^1,2, Gregory Singer,^1,2 Christopher Aiken,³ Marie-Louise Hammarskjöld,^1,2 and David Rekosh^1,2,*

Myles H. Thaler Center for AIDS and Human Retrovirus Research¹ and Department of Microbiology,² University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232³

Received 12 October 2000/Accepted 11 January 2001

We have investigated the effects of Nef on infectivity in the context of various viral envelope proteins. These experiments were performed with a minimal vector system where Nef is the only accessory protein present. Our results support the hypothesis that the route of entry influences the ability of Nef to enhance human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectivity. We show that HIV particles pseudotyped with Ebola virus glycoprotein or vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G), which fuse at low pH, do not require Nef for optimal infectivity. In contrast, Nef significantly enhances the infectivity of virus particles that contain envelope proteins that fuse at neutral pH (CCR5-dependent HIV Env, CXCR4-dependent HIV Env, or amphotropic murine leukemia virus Env). In addition, our results demonstrate that virus particles containing mixed CXCR4-dependent HIV and VSV-G envelope proteins show a conditional requirement for Nef for optimal infectivity, depending on which protein is allowed to facilitate entry.

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^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Myles H. Thaler Center for AIDS and Human Retrovirus Research and Department of Microbiology, Box 800734, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908. Phone: (804) 982-1599. Fax: (804) 982-1590. E-mail: dr4u{at}virginia.edu.

Present address: Laboratoire de Virologie et Pathogenese Virale, UMR 5537 CNRS, Faculte de Medecine Laenne, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France.

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Journal of Virology, April 2001, p. 4014-4018, Vol. 75, No. 8
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.8.4014-4018.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

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