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Journal of Virology, April 2001, p. 3495-3500, Vol. 75, No. 7
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.7.3495-3500.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Repair of a Rev-Minus Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Mutant by Activation of a Cryptic Splice Site

Koen Verhoef,1 Patricia S. Bilodeau,2 Jeroen L. B. van Wamel,1 Jørgen Kjems,3 C. Martin Stoltzfus,2 and Ben Berkhout1,*

Department of Human Retrovirology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands1; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 522422; and Department of Molecular and Structural Biology, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark3

Received 21 September 2000/Accepted 20 December 2000

We isolated a revertant virus after prolonged culturing of a replication-impaired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mutant of which the Rev open reading frame was inactivated by mutation of the AUG translation initiation codon. Sequencing of the tat-rev region of this revertant virus identified a second-site mutation in tat that restored virus replication in the mutant background. This mutation activated a cryptic 5' splice site (ss) that, when used in conjunction with the regular HIV 3' ss #5, fuses the tat and rev reading frames to encode a novel T-Rev fusion protein that rescues Rev function. We also demonstrate an alternative route to indirectly activate this cryptic 5' ss by mutational inactivation of an adjacent exon splicing silencer element.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Human Retrovirology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Phone: 31-20-566-4822. Fax: 31-20-691-6531. E-mail: b.berkhout{at}amc.uva.nl.

Journal of Virology, April 2001, p. 3495-3500, Vol. 75, No. 7
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.7.3495-3500.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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Copyright © 2001 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.