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Journal of Virology, April 2001, p. 3220-3229, Vol. 75, No. 7
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.7.3220-3229.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Purification and Characterization of West Nile Virus Nucleoside Triphosphatase (NTPase)/Helicase: Evidence for Dissociation of the NTPase and Helicase Activities of the Enzyme

Peter Borowski,1,* Andreas Niebuhr,1 Oliver Mueller,1 Maria Bretner,2 Krzysztof Felczak,2 Tadeusz Kulikowski,2 and Herbert Schmitz1

Abteilung für Virologie, Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin, D-20359 Hamburg, Germany,1 and Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02106 Warsaw, Poland2

Received 29 August 2000/Accepted 4 January 2001

The nucleoside triphosphatase (NTPase)/helicase associated with nonstructural protein 3 of West Nile (WN) virus was purified from cell culture medium harvested from virus-infected Vero cells. The purification procedure included sequential chromatography on Superdex-200 and Reactive Red 120 columns, followed by a concentration step on an Ultrogel hydroxyapatite column. The nature of the purified protein was confirmed by immunoblot analysis using a WN virus-positive antiserum, determination of its NH2 terminus by microsequencing, and a binding assay with 5'-[14C]fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine. Under optimized reaction conditions the enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of ATP and the unwinding of the DNA duplex with kcat values of 133 and 5.5 × 10-3 s-1, respectively. Characterization of the NTPase activity of the WN virus enzyme revealed that optimum conditions with respect to the Mg2+ requirement and the monovalent salt or polynucleotide response differed from those of other flavivirus NTPases. Initial kinetic studies demonstrated that the inhibition (or activation) of ATPase activity by ribavirin-5'-triphosphate is not directly related to changes in the helicase activity of the enzyme. Further analysis using guanine and O6-benzoylguanine derivatives revealed that the ATPase activity of WN virus NTPase/helicase may be modulated, i.e., increased or reduced, with no effect on the helicase activity of the enzyme. On the other hand the helicase activity could be modulated without changing the ATPase activity. Our observations show that the number of ATP hydrolysis events per unwinding cycle is not a constant value.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin, Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany. Phone: 4940/42 818-458. Fax: 4940/42 818-378. E-mail: borowski{at}bni.uni-hamburg.de.

Journal of Virology, April 2001, p. 3220-3229, Vol. 75, No. 7
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.7.3220-3229.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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